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Fig. 6. RA, Hh and FGFR signaling pathways can partially ventralize the eye field at neurula stages. (A) In embryos treated with 10 μM RA from stage 12.5/13 (right column), the lateral region of Vax2 domain (indicated by the yellow brackets) is expanded at late neurula stages with respect to control embryos, while Vent2 domain is reduced. (B) Mid-late neurula embryos unilaterally injected either with 500 pg bhh mRNA or with 2.5 pg iFGFR1 mRNA, followed by induction with AP20187 from stage 12.5/13. Compared with the uninjected side, Vax2 expression is expanded, while ET is repressed. The broken yellow lines indicate the embryo midline. |
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Fig. 2. Effects of RA signaling overexpression on eye DV polarity. (A) Low RA doses (0.1 μM) expand Pax2, Vax1b and Raldh3 expression domains, but do not significantly affect Vax2- and ET-positive regions in stage 33 Xenopus embryos. Pax2-hybridized embryos are also shown in frontal view (right column). (B) High RA doses (10 μM) upregulate Vax2 in the DR and repress Vent2, Pax2, Vax1b and Raldh3, but do not change Pax6 expression. (C) Schematic representation of the results shown in A and B. Low RA levels enlarge the OS. High RA levels ventralize the retina and repress OS formation. |