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msx1xenopus trigeminal placode [+] 

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Experiment details for msx1

Schlosser G and Ahrens K (2004) Assay

Molecular anatomy of placode development in Xenopus laevis.

Gene Clone Species Stages Anatomy
msx1.L laevis NF stage 13 to NF stage 14 trigeminal placode

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  Fig. 1. Placodal gene expression patterns in neural plate stage Xenopus embryos (stages 13–14) in dorsal view (anterior is to the left, all embryos are equally oriented). To facilitate comparison of the placodal expression domains of different genes, color-coded arrows and arrowheads corresponding to different placodal expression domains of Pax genes are used for the identification of comparable regions of gene expression (for more detailed labeling, see Fig. 12). Colors are explained in the schematic drawing, which depicts the approximate relative position of some gene expression domains and lists the placodes to which they will give rise subsequently. Green arrowheads identify placodal gene expression immediately rostral to the anterior neural plate border (prospective adenohypophysial placode medially and prospective olfactory placodes laterally), whereas green arrows identify placodal gene expression rostrolateral to the anterior neural plate (prospective lens and trigeminal placodes). Black arrows in D indicate the border of Dlx3 expression in superficial ectoderm, which extends further medial than its border of expression in the deep ectodermal layer (colored arrows). Black arrowheads in E indicate Msx1 expression in anterior neural plate. White asterisks in E and L indicate expression of Msx1 and Pax3, respectively, in a region encompassing neural crest and lateralmost neural plate. For detailed description, see text. Abbreviations: Ad/Ol, anterior placodal area, from which adenohypophysial (Ad) and olfactory (Ol) placodes develop; anp, anterior neural plate; cg, cement gland; L, lens placode; LL/Ot/EB, posterior placodal area, from which lateral line (LL), otic (Ot), and epibranchial (EB) placodes develop; np, neural plate; PN, pronephros; Pr, profundal placode; pnp, posterior neural plate; V, trigeminal placode.

Gene Clone Species Stages Anatomy
msx1.L laevis NF stage 13 to NF stage 14 trigeminal placode

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  Fig. 2. Placodal gene expression patterns in neural plate stage Xenopus embryos (stages 13–14) in lateral view (anterior is to the left, all embryos are equally oriented). As in Fig. 1, color-coded arrows and arrowheads are used for the identification of comparable regions of gene expression as indicated in the schematic drawing. Green arrowhead corresponds to the lateral green arrowhead in Fig. 1 (prospective olfactory placode). Black asterisk in D indicates region where Dlx3 is expressed only in the superficial ectodermal layer. Black arrowheads in E indicate Msx1 expression in anterior neural plate. White asterisks in E and L indicate expression of Msx1 and Pax3, respectively, in a region encompassing neural crest and lateralmost neural plate. Insert in J shows incipient placodal Tbx2 expression at a slightly later (neural fold) stage. For detailed description, see text. For abbreviations, see Fig. 1.

Gene Clone Species Stages Anatomy
msx1.L laevis NF stage 18 trigeminal placode

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  Fig. 8. Changes in placodal gene expression patterns during neurulation in Xenopus embryos (stages 16–18). As in Fig. 1, color-coded arrows and arrowheads are used for the identification of comparable regions of gene expression indicated in the schematic drawing. Green arrowhead indicates the prospective olfactory placode. The green asterisk indicates an anterior subregion of the lateral Pax6-expressing domain, where panplacodal genes such as Eya1 and Six1 are downregulated during neurulation (note indentation in the red domain) and which will likely give rise to the lens placode. Green arrow indicates the posterior subregion of the lateral Pax6-expressing domain (prospective trigeminal placode). (A and B) Sagittal sections through the anterior neural folds reveal expression of Six1 (A) and Sox3 (B) in the deep ectodermal layer of the outer neural folds (black arrows). The outer ectodermal layer is indicated by black asterisks. (C–E) Frontal views of gene expression domains in neural fold stage Xenopus embryos. Note the separation of the anterior domain of Eya1 and Six1 expression (arrowheads) from the lateral domain (arrows) due to the elevation of the neural folds. (F–H) Lateral views of gene expression domains in neural fold stage Xenopus embryos. Note the downregulation of Eya1 (F), Six1 (G), and Msx1 (H) in a region that will likely give rise to the lens placode (green asterisk). The white asterisk in H indicates expression of Msx1 in a region encompassing neural crest and lateralmost neural plate. For detailed description, see text. Abbreviations: cg, cement gland; nep, anterior neuropore. For additional abbreviations, see Fig. 1.

Gene Clone Species Stages Anatomy
msx1.L laevis NF stage 32 to NF stage 33 and 34 trigeminal ganglion

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  Fig. 11. Placodal gene expression patterns in late tail bud Xenopus embryos (stages 32–34) in lateral views (anterior is to the left). As in Fig. 9, color-coded arrows and arrowheads are used for the identification of comparable regions of gene expression. Expression in the lens is indicated by L. Colors are explained in the schematic drawing, depicting the distribution of placodes in a stage 33/34 embryo (modified after Schlosser and Northcutt, 2000; see Fig. 14 for detailed explanation). By stage 33/34, the profundal placode has disappeared, the trigeminal placode is shrinking rapidly, the lens placode and otic placode have completely invaginated to form the lens and the otic vesicle, respectively, and the lateral line primordia have begun to extend from the lateral line placodes (Schlosser and Northcutt, 2000). Again, orange and brown double arrows indicate expression of the respective genes in a region encompassing facial epibranchial placode and anteroventral lateral line placode. White asterisks indicate gene expression in the pharyngeal pouches. Green and yellow asterisks indicate gene expression in the trigeminal and profundal ganglia (which are fused proximately), respectively. For detailed description, see text. Abbreviations: bam, branchial arch mesenchyme; L, lens; Ot, otic vesicle; vba, ventral branchial arch region (all three germ layers). For additional abbreviations, see Fig. 1.