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Fig. 3. pgam5 is expressed in the anterior neuroectoderm and is required for head induction in Xenopus laevis. (A) pgam5 mRNAwas detected by wholemount
in situ hybridization in Xenopus embryos at Nieuwkoop and Faber (NF) stages 6.5 (i), 9 (ii,ii′), 11.5 (iii,iii′), 13 (iv,iv′), 20 (v,v′), 24 (vi) and 35 (vii). Expression
was detected in the animal ectoderm at blastula stages and was more ubiquitous from gastrula to early tadpole stages, although strongest in the anterior
neuroectoderm. At stage 35, pgam5 was detected in the central nervous system (arrowheads), neural crest (arrows), eye (open arrowhead), otic vesicle and
weakly in the ventral part of somites. Scale bar: 500 μm. arch., archenteron; bc, blastocoel; bp, blastopore; e, ectoderm; fb, forebrain; hb, hindbrain; m, mesoderm;
n, notochord; ne, neuroectoderm; nt, neural tube; oe, oral evagination; sc, spinal cord. (B) Phenotypes of embryos injected with 0.4 pmol Pgam5 MO1 or control
MO in both blastomeres at the two-cell stage followed by injection with 100 pg PGAM5 or PGAM5-H105A RNA (H105A RNA) into both dorso-animal blastomeres
at the eight-cell stage. Scale bar: 500 μm. The frequencies of the indicated phenotypes from at least three independent experiments with the indicated total
numbers of embryos are summarized in the graph (**P<0.01, χ2-test; n.s., not significant). |
