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Fig 2. Dse mRNA is maternally deposited and expressed in the epidermis, neural ectoderm, notochord, somites and dorsal endoderm.
Xenopus embryos after whole-mount in situ hybridization in lateral view (A,D,F), dorsal view (C,E) and transversally sectioned through the anterior trunk (G-J). (A) Embryo at the 4-cell stage. Weak expression of Dse mRNA is visible. (B) qPCR analysis of embryonic explants at stage 9. Note Dse transcripts in the animal cap, marginal zone and vegetal region. (C) At stage 13, Dse is expressed in the epidermis and notochord. (D-F) Neurula embryos show ubiquitous Dse expression in the epidermis. The bold lines indicate the levels of sections in G and H. (G) Embryo at stage 15. The arrowhead indicates the border between epidermis and neural ectoderm. Note Dse transcripts in the sensorial layer of the lateral neural plate (arrow), notochord and dorsal endoderm. The bracket in the inset depicts the epidermis with robust Dse expression in the outer layer and lower mRNA levels in the inner layer. (H) Embryo at stage 18. Note Dse signals in the medio-ventral somites. The inset shows Dse expression in the sensorial layer of the ventral neural groove (arrow). The stippled line demarcates the border between the neural plate and the underlying dorsal mesoderm. (I,J) No signals appear in matching sections of sibling embryos that were probed with Dse sense RNA as control. an, animal cap; en, endoderm; epi, epidermis; ma, marginal zone; no, notochord; np, neural plate; so, somite; ve, vegetal region. Scale bars are 500 μm (A,C-F) and 50 μm (G-J). |
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dse (dermatan sulfate epimerase) gene_symbol (gene_name) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo, assayed via in situ hybridization, NF stage 40, F lateral view, anterior right, dorsal up, G dorsal view and H, transverse section as indicated in F , through hindbrain and pharyngeal region. |
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Fig 10. Comparison of Dse and Dsel expression in the trunk.
Embryos at stage 32 are shown in lateral views (B,C) and transversal sections (D-G’) after whole-mount in situ hybridization. (A) qPCR analysis of embryonic explants at stage 32. The numbers on the y-axis indicate fold expression of (Dse / eEF1A1) x 1000 (top) and (Dsel / eEF1A1) x 1000 (bottom). Note equal distribution of Dse transcripts in the head, dorsal trunk and ventral trunk. Dsel mRNA is most abundant in the head and is expressed at comparable levels in the dorsal and ventral trunk. (B) Dse expression. The bold lines indicate the level of sections in D and E. (D-E’) Dse expression is detected in the notochord, dermatome, sclerotome and hypochord (inset). (C) Dsel expression. The bold lines indicate the level of sections in F and G. (F-G’) Dsel expression appears in the ventral spinal cord, migrating trunk neural crest cells (arrowhead), myotome, sclerotome, hypochord (inset) and posterior dorsal hindgut endoderm. dm, dermatome; en, endoderm; hc, hypochord; my, myotome; no, notochord; sc, sclerotome; sp, spinal cord. Scale bars are 1 mm (B,C) and 200 μm (D-G’). |
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Fig 5. Dse is expressed in the adenohypophysis, melanophores, dermomyotome and sclerotome.
Embryos are shown in lateral view (A,A’,F), dorsal view (G), transversal sections (B-D’,H,I) and horizontal section (E). (A,A’) Embryo at stage 33. The bold lines indicate the level of sections in B-E. (B-E) Vibratome sections showing Dse expression in the adenohypophysis, forebrain, ventral midbrain, epidermis, notochord, hypochord, dermomyotome, and sclerotome. Note also Dse transcripts in cranial neural crest cells (indented arrowheads) and melanophores (filled arrowhead). (F-I) Embryo at stage 40. The bold lines indicate the level of sections in H and I. Dse is expressed in post-migratory cranial neural crest cells (indented arrowheads) and the notochord. ad, adenohypophysis; dm, dermomyotome; epi, epidermis; ey, eye; fb, forebrain; hc, hypochord; he, heart; mb, midbrain; no, notochord; sc, sclerotome; so, somite; sp, spinal cord. Scale bars are 1 mm (A,A’,F-H) and 100 μm (B-E,I). |
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dse (dermatan sulfate epimerase) gene_symbol (gene_name) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryo, assayed via in situ hybridization, NF stage 33 & 34, head and anterior trunk region, lateral view, anterior left, dorsal up.
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