| Search Criteria |
| Gene/Clone | Species | Stage | Anatomy Item | Experimenter |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| zic2 | xenopus | epidermis [+] |
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Experiment details for zic2
foxD5 plays a critical upstream role in regulating neural ectodermal fate and the onset of neural differentiation.
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| Fig. 4. foxD5 ectopically induces a subset of NE genes and represses the BMP pathway. (A) Left side: foxD5-expressing cells (arrows, red nuclei) express zic2 (blue cytoplasm) in the st11 ventral epidermis, but do not express sox2; inset shows higher magnification of sox2 to demonstrate lack of blue cytoplasm surrounding red nuclei. Asterisks denote endogenous gene expression on the dorsal sides of the embryos. Right side: high magnifications show strong induction () of gem, zic2 and sox11 in the st11 ventral epidermis; the red nuclei are partially masked by the blue signal in the cytoplasm. A few cells (arrows) weakly express sox3. (B) The percentage of embryos showing ectopic ventral induction of each NE gene (collected at st10.5–13). Sample sizes are above each bar. (C) foxD5 expression in the ventral epidermis at gastrulation (st10–11) reduces the expression of two epidermal genes downstream of BMP signaling. AP2 is expressed throughout the control ectoderm (left: animal view of whole embryo; right: higher magnification). foxD5-expressing cells (red nuclei) show reduced AP2 expression. Asterisk denotes adjacent unaffected cells. Epidermis-specific keratin (epi-keratin) is expressed throughout the ventral ectoderm (left: ventral view with animal hemisphere to the top of whole embryo; right: higher magnification). foxD5-expressing cells (red nuclei) show reduced epi-keratin expression. Asterisk denotes adjacent unaffected cells. The frequencies of the phenotypes and sample sizes are given. (D) Injection of foxD5 mRNA into a neural progenitor cell-autonomously induces szl (arrow) in the neural plate (st13, anterior view). The frequency of the phenotype and sample size are given. (E) Injection of foxD5 mRNA cell-autonomously reduces the number of cells displaying nuclear phospho-SMAD1/5/8 staining (brown nuclei) in the st11 ventral epidermis. Top panel illustrates staining in ventral epidermis of uninjected control embryo. Bottom panel illustrates staining in a region of foxD5-expressing cells stained blue by expression of the cytoplasmic βGal lineage marker (asterisk) and in an adjacent region (right side) that does not contain foxD5-expressing cells. Graph on right indicates the mean number of cells displaying nuclear phospho-SMAD1/5/8 staining in foxD5-expressing ventral epidermis clones compared to the uninjected side (control) of the same embryos (n = 16 per group). Bars indicate s.e.m. and indicates p < 0.0001 (paired t-test). |