Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Remodeling somatic nuclei in Xenopus laevis egg extracts: molecular mechanisms for the selective release of histones H1 and H1(0) from chromatin and the acquisition of transcriptional competence.
Dimitrov S
,
Wolffe AP
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The molecular mechanisms responsible for the remodeling of entire somatic erythrocyte nuclei in Xenopus laevis eggcytoplasm have been examined. These transitions in chromosomal composition are associated with the capacity to activate new patterns of gene expression and the re-acquisition of replication competence. Somatic linker histone variants H1 and H1 (0) are released from chromatin in eggcytoplasm, whereas the oocyte-specific linker histone B4 and HMG1 are efficiently incorporated into remodeled chromatin. Histone H1 (0) is released from chromatin preferentially in comparison with histone H1. Core histones H2A and H4 in the somatic nucleus are phosphorylated during this remodeling process. These transitions recapitulate the chromosomal environment found within the nuclei of the early Xenopus embryo. Phosphorylation of somatic linker histone variants is demonstrated not to direct their release from chromatin, nor does direct competition with cytoplasmic stores of linker histone B4 determine their release. However, the molecular chaperone nucleoplasmin does have an important role in the selective removal of linker histones from somatic nuclei. For Xenopus erythrocyte nuclei, this disruption of chromatin structure leads to activation of the 5S rRNA genes. These results provide a molecular explanation for the remodeling of chromatin in Xenopus eggcytoplasm and indicate the capacity of molecular chaperones to disrupt a natural chromosomal environment, thereby facilitating transcription.
Blank,
Reactivation of DNA replication in erythrocyte nuclei by Xenopus egg extract involves energy-dependent chromatin decondensation and changes in histone phosphorylation.
1992, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Blank,
Reactivation of DNA replication in erythrocyte nuclei by Xenopus egg extract involves energy-dependent chromatin decondensation and changes in histone phosphorylation.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Blow,
Initiation of DNA replication in nuclei and purified DNA by a cell-free extract of Xenopus eggs.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Bouvet,
A role for transcription and FRGY2 in masking maternal mRNA within Xenopus oocytes.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Bouvet,
Specific regulation of Xenopus chromosomal 5S rRNA gene transcription in vivo by histone H1.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Chen,
A histone-binding protein, nucleoplasmin, stimulates transcription factor binding to nucleosomes and factor-induced nucleosome disassembly.
1994,
Pubmed
Cho,
Xenopus laevis B4, an intron-containing oocyte-specific linker histone-encoding gene.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Consonni,
cDNA nucleotide sequence of Sn, a regulatory gene in maize.
1992,
Pubmed
Coppock,
Replication of Xenopus erythrocyte nuclei in a homologous egg extract requires prior proteolytic treatment.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dasso,
RCC1, a regulator of mitosis, is essential for DNA replication.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dasso,
Nuclear assembly is independent of linker histones.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dilworth,
Two complexes that contain histones are required for nucleosome assembly in vitro: role of nucleoplasmin and N1 in Xenopus egg extracts.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dimitrov,
Chromatin transitions during early Xenopus embryogenesis: changes in histone H4 acetylation and in linker histone type.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dimitrov,
The globular domain of histone H5 is internally located in the 30 nm chromatin fiber: an immunochemical study.
1987,
Pubmed
Dimitrov,
Remodeling sperm chromatin in Xenopus laevis egg extracts: the role of core histone phosphorylation and linker histone B4 in chromatin assembly.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dworkin-Rastl,
The maternal histone H1 variant, H1M (B4 protein), is the predominant H1 histone in Xenopus pregastrula embryos.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
GURDON,
The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from intestinal epithelium cells of feeding tadpoles.
1962,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hayes,
Preferential and asymmetric interaction of linker histones with 5S DNA in the nucleosome.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hayes,
Contacts of the globular domain of histone H5 and core histones with DNA in a "chromatosome".
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hill,
Histone-DNA interactions and their modulation by phosphorylation of -Ser-Pro-X-Lys/Arg- motifs.
1991,
Pubmed
Hiyoshi,
Isolation of cDNA for a Xenopus sperm-specific basic nuclear protein (SP4) and evidence for expression of SP4 mRNA in primary spermatocytes.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hock,
Absence of somatic histone H1 in oocytes and preblastula embryos of Xenopus laevis.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kay,
Xenopus laevis: Practical uses in cell and molecular biology. Injections of oocytes and embryos.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Khochbin,
Developmental regulation and butyrate-inducible transcription of the Xenopus histone H1(0) promoter.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Khochbin,
Developmentally regulated expression of linker-histone variants in vertebrates.
1994,
Pubmed
Kingston,
Repression and activation by multiprotein complexes that alter chromatin structure.
1996,
Pubmed
Kobel,
Nuclear transplantation with melanophores, ciliated epidermal cells, and the established cell-line A-8 in Xenopus laevis.
1973,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Laemmli,
Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4.
1970,
Pubmed
Laskey,
Nucleosomes are assembled by an acidic protein which binds histones and transfers them to DNA.
1978,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Laskey,
Nucleosome assembly.
1980,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Leno,
DNA replication in cell-free extracts from Xenopus laevis.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Leno,
Hyperphosphorylation of nucleoplasmin facilitates Xenopus sperm decondensation at fertilization.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lohka,
Formation in vitro of sperm pronuclei and mitotic chromosomes induced by amphibian ooplasmic components.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Merriam,
Movement of cytoplasmic proteins into nuclei induced to enlarge and initiate DNA or RNA synthesis.
1969,
Pubmed
Mills,
An acidic protein which assembles nucleosomes in vitro is the most abundant protein in Xenopus oocyte nuclei.
1980,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nelson,
Ribonucleic acid and other polyanions facilitate chromatin assembly in vitro.
1981,
Pubmed
Newport,
Nuclear reconstitution in vitro: stages of assembly around protein-free DNA.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nightingale,
Evidence for a shared structural role for HMG1 and linker histones B4 and H1 in organizing chromatin.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Panyim,
The heterogeneity of histones. I. A quantitative analysis of calf histones in very long polyacrylamide gels.
1969,
Pubmed
Patterton,
Developmental roles for chromatin and chromosomal structure.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Philpott,
Sperm decondensation in Xenopus egg cytoplasm is mediated by nucleoplasmin.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Philpott,
Nucleoplasmin remodels sperm chromatin in Xenopus egg extracts.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Roth,
Chromatin condensation: does histone H1 dephosphorylation play a role?
1992,
Pubmed
Russanova,
A comparison of histone variants in different rat tissues.
1980,
Pubmed
Russanova,
Histone variants in mouse centromeric chromatin.
1989,
Pubmed
Rutledge,
Isolation and expression of cDNA clones coding for two sequence variants of Xenopus laevis histone H5.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sealy,
Xenopus nucleoplasmin: egg vs. oocyte.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Smith,
Domains of the positive transcription factor specific for the Xenopus 5S RNA gene.
1984,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Smith,
Expression of a histone H1-like protein is restricted to early Xenopus development.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ura,
A positive role for nucleosome mobility in the transcriptional activity of chromatin templates: restriction by linker histones.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ura,
Differential association of HMG1 and linker histones B4 and H1 with dinucleosomal DNA: structural transitions and transcriptional repression.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Varga-Weisz,
Binding of histones H1 and H5 and their globular domains to four-way junction DNA.
1994,
Pubmed
Varga-Weisz,
Energy-dependent chromatin accessibility and nucleosome mobility in a cell-free system.
1995,
Pubmed
Wall,
Chromatin remodeling by GAGA factor and heat shock factor at the hypersensitive Drosophila hsp26 promoter in vitro.
1995,
Pubmed
Wangh,
Efficient reactivation of Xenopus erythrocyte nuclei in Xenopus egg extracts.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
West,
Histone 2B can be modified by the attachment of ubiquitin.
1980,
Pubmed
Wolffe,
Transcriptional activation of Xenopus class III genes in chromatin isolated from sperm and somatic nuclei.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wolffe,
Dominant and specific repression of Xenopus oocyte 5S RNA genes and satellite I DNA by histone H1.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wolffe,
Replication timing and Xenopus 5S RNA gene transcription in vitro.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Worcel,
Assembly of newly replicated chromatin.
1978,
Pubmed
Wray,
Silver staining of proteins in polyacrylamide gels.
1981,
Pubmed
