Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Mol Biol Cell
1995 Jan 01;61:119-34. doi: 10.1091/mbc.6.1.119.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Cell cycle regulation of a Xenopus Wee1-like kinase.
Mueller PR
,
Coleman TR
,
Dunphy WG
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Using a polymerase chain reaction-based strategy, we have isolated a gene encoding a Wee1-like kinase from Xenopus eggs. The recombinant Xenopus Wee1 protein efficiently phosphorylates Cdc2 exclusively on Tyr-15 in a cyclin-dependent manner. The addition of exogenous Wee1 protein to Xenopus cell cycle extracts results in a dose-dependent delay of mitotic initiation that is accompanied by enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of Cdc2. The activity of the Wee1 protein is highly regulated during the cell cycle: the interphase, underphosphorylated form of Wee1 (68 kDa) phosphorylates Cdc2 very efficiently, whereas the mitotic, hyperphosphorylated version (75 kDa) is weakly active as a Cdc2-specific tyrosine kinase. The down-modulation of Wee1 at mitosis is directly attributable to phosphorylation, since dephosphorylation with protein phosphatase 2A restores its kinase activity. During interphase, the activity of this Wee1 homolog does not vary in response to the presence of unreplicated DNA. The mitosis-specific phosphorylation of Wee1 is due to at least two distinct kinases: the Cdc2 protein and another activity (kinase X) that may correspond to an MPM-2 epitope kinase. These studies indicate that the down-regulation of Wee1-like kinase activity at mitosis is a multistep process that occurs after other biochemical reactions have signaled the successful completion of S phase.
Booher,
Properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wee1 and its differential regulation of p34CDC28 in response to G1 and G2 cyclins.
1993, Pubmed
Booher,
Properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae wee1 and its differential regulation of p34CDC28 in response to G1 and G2 cyclins.
1993,
Pubmed
Boyle,
Phosphopeptide mapping and phosphoamino acid analysis by two-dimensional separation on thin-layer cellulose plates.
1991,
Pubmed
Chirgwin,
Isolation of biologically active ribonucleic acid from sources enriched in ribonuclease.
1979,
Pubmed
Chomczynski,
Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction.
1987,
Pubmed
Clarke,
Dephosphorylation of cdc25-C by a type-2A protein phosphatase: specific regulation during the cell cycle in Xenopus egg extracts.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Coleman,
Negative regulation of the wee1 protein kinase by direct action of the nim1/cdr1 mitotic inducer.
1993,
Pubmed
Dasso,
Completion of DNA replication is monitored by a feedback system that controls the initiation of mitosis in vitro: studies in Xenopus.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Desai,
Activation of human cyclin-dependent kinases in vitro.
1992,
Pubmed
Devault,
Cyclin A potentiates maturation-promoting factor activation in the early Xenopus embryo via inhibition of the tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates cdc2.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dingwall,
Nuclear targeting sequences--a consensus?
1991,
Pubmed
Draetta,
Cdc2 protein kinase is complexed with both cyclin A and B: evidence for proteolytic inactivation of MPF.
1989,
Pubmed
Draetta,
Cdc2 activation: the interplay of cyclin binding and Thr161 phosphorylation.
1993,
Pubmed
Dunphy,
The decision to enter mitosis.
1994,
Pubmed
Dunphy,
The cdc25 protein contains an intrinsic phosphatase activity.
1991,
Pubmed
Dunphy,
The Xenopus cdc2 protein is a component of MPF, a cytoplasmic regulator of mitosis.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dunphy,
Fission yeast p13 blocks mitotic activation and tyrosine dephosphorylation of the Xenopus cdc2 protein kinase.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Enoch,
Mutation of fission yeast cell cycle control genes abolishes dependence of mitosis on DNA replication.
1990,
Pubmed
Feng,
Progressive sequence alignment as a prerequisite to correct phylogenetic trees.
1987,
Pubmed
Gautier,
Purified maturation-promoting factor contains the product of a Xenopus homolog of the fission yeast cell cycle control gene cdc2+.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gautier,
cdc25 is a specific tyrosine phosphatase that directly activates p34cdc2.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hartwell,
Checkpoints: controls that ensure the order of cell cycle events.
1989,
Pubmed
Hoffmann,
Phosphorylation and activation of human cdc25-C by cdc2--cyclin B and its involvement in the self-amplification of MPF at mitosis.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Igarashi,
Wee1(+)-like gene in human cells.
1991,
Pubmed
Izumi,
Periodic changes in phosphorylation of the Xenopus cdc25 phosphatase regulate its activity.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kornbluth,
In vitro cell cycle arrest induced by using artificial DNA templates.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kornbluth,
Membrane localization of the kinase which phosphorylates p34cdc2 on threonine 14.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kuang,
At least two kinases phosphorylate the MPM-2 epitope during Xenopus oocyte maturation.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kuang,
cdc25 is one of the MPM-2 antigens involved in the activation of maturation-promoting factor.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kumagai,
Regulation of the cdc25 protein during the cell cycle in Xenopus extracts.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kumagai,
The cdc25 protein controls tyrosine dephosphorylation of the cdc2 protein in a cell-free system.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lee,
Inhibition of cdc2 activation by INH/PP2A.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lundgren,
mik1 and wee1 cooperate in the inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation of cdc2.
1991,
Pubmed
McGowan,
Human Wee1 kinase inhibits cell division by phosphorylating p34cdc2 exclusively on Tyr15.
1993,
Pubmed
Milarski,
Cloning and characterization of Xenopus cdc2, a component of MPF.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Mueller,
Constitutive and metal-inducible protein:DNA interactions at the mouse metallothionein I promoter examined by in vivo and in vitro footprinting.
1988,
Pubmed
Murray,
Cyclin synthesis drives the early embryonic cell cycle.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Murray,
Cell cycle extracts.
1991,
Pubmed
Nigg,
The substrates of the cdc2 kinase.
1991,
Pubmed
Nurse,
Genetic control of cell size at cell division in yeast.
1975,
Pubmed
Nurse,
Universal control mechanism regulating onset of M-phase.
1990,
Pubmed
Palazzolo,
Phage lambda cDNA cloning vectors for subtractive hybridization, fusion-protein synthesis and Cre-loxP automatic plasmid subcloning.
1990,
Pubmed
Parker,
Cyclin promotes the tyrosine phosphorylation of p34cdc2 in a wee1+ dependent manner.
1991,
Pubmed
Parker,
Inactivation of the p34cdc2-cyclin B complex by the human WEE1 tyrosine kinase.
1992,
Pubmed
Pines,
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases: take your partners.
1993,
Pubmed
Russell,
Negative regulation of mitosis by wee1+, a gene encoding a protein kinase homolog.
1987,
Pubmed
Smythe,
Coupling of mitosis to the completion of S phase in Xenopus occurs via modulation of the tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates p34cdc2.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Solomon,
Cyclin activation of p34cdc2.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Solomon,
Activation of the various cyclin/cdc2 protein kinases.
1993,
Pubmed
Studier,
Use of T7 RNA polymerase to direct expression of cloned genes.
1990,
Pubmed
Tang,
Two distinct mechanisms for negative regulation of the Wee1 protein kinase.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Thomas,
MAP kinase by any other name smells just as sweet.
1992,
Pubmed
Westendorf,
Cloning of cDNAs for M-phase phosphoproteins recognized by the MPM2 monoclonal antibody and determination of the phosphorylated epitope.
1994,
Pubmed
