Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Immunogenetics
1995 Jan 01;425:376-85. doi: 10.1007/bf00179399.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Exon-intron organization of Xenopus MHC class II beta chain genes.
Kobari F
,
Sato K
,
Shum BP
,
Tochinai S
,
Katagiri M
,
Ishibashi T
,
Du Pasquier L
,
Flajnik MF
,
Kasahara M
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The amphibian Xenopus laevis is the most primitive vertebrate in which the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) has been defined at the biochemical, functional, and molecular genetic levels. We previously described the isolation and characterization of cDNA clones encoding X. laevis MHC class II beta chains. In the present study, genomic clones encoding class II beta chains were isolated from X. laevis homozygous for the MHC f haplotype. Three class II beta chain genes, designated Xela-DAB, Xela-DBB, and Xela-DCB, were identified. Sequence analysis of these genes showed that Xela-DBB and Xela-DCB correspond to the previously characterized cDNA clones F3 and F8, respectively, whereas Xela-DAB encodes a third, hitherto unidentified class II beta chain of the MHC f haplotype. As a representative of X. laevis class II beta chain genes, the Xela-DAB gene underwent detailed structural analysis. In addition, the nucleotide sequence of Xela-DABf cDNA clones was determined. The Xela-DAB gene is made up of at least six exons, with an exon-intron organization similar to that of a typical mammalian class II beta chain gene. The 5'-flanking region of the Xela-DAB gene contains transcriptional control elements known as X1, X2, and Y, but lacks typical TATA or CCAAT boxes. A notable feature of the X. laevis class II beta chain genes is that the sizes of the introns are larger than those of their mammalian counterparts. As assessed by northern blot analysis, the three class II beta chain genes had similar expression patterns, with the highest level of transcription detected in the intestine. Identification of the Xela-DAB, -DBB, and -DCB genes is consistent with our previous observations, which suggested that the MHC of the tetraploid frog X. laevis is diploidized at the genomic level and contains three class II beta chain genes per haplotype that cross-hybridize to one another under reduced stringency conditions.
Andersson,
Class II genes of the human major histocompatibility complex. Organization and evolutionary relationship of the DR beta genes.
1987, Pubmed
Andersson,
Class II genes of the human major histocompatibility complex. Organization and evolutionary relationship of the DR beta genes.
1987,
Pubmed
Barnes,
PCR amplification of up to 35-kb DNA with high fidelity and high yield from lambda bacteriophage templates.
1994,
Pubmed
Beato,
Gene regulation by steroid hormones.
1989,
Pubmed
Benoist,
Regulation of major histocompatibility complex class-II genes: X, Y and other letters of the alphabet.
1990,
Pubmed
Bisbee,
Albumin phylogeny for clawed frogs (Xenopus).
1977,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Brown,
Three-dimensional structure of the human class II histocompatibility antigen HLA-DR1.
1993,
Pubmed
Du Pasquier,
The immune system of Xenopus.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Flajnik,
The major histocompatibility complex of frogs.
1990,
Pubmed
Flajnik,
Evolution of the major histocompatibility complex: molecular cloning of major histocompatibility complex class I from the amphibian Xenopus.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Flajnik,
Major histocompatibility complex-encoded class I molecules are absent in immunologically competent Xenopus before metamorphosis.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Flajnik,
Identification of class I major histocompatibility complex encoded molecules in the amphibian Xenopus.
1984,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Flajnik,
A novel type of class I gene organization in vertebrates: a large family of non-MHC-linked class I genes is expressed at the RNA level in the amphibian Xenopus.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Frohman,
Rapid production of full-length cDNAs from rare transcripts: amplification using a single gene-specific oligonucleotide primer.
1988,
Pubmed
Hood,
Genes of the major histocompatibility complex of the mouse.
1983,
Pubmed
Jonsson,
Class II genes of the human major histocompatibility complex. Comparisons of the DQ and DX alpha and beta genes.
1987,
Pubmed
Kandil,
Structural and phylogenetic analysis of the MHC class I-like Fc receptor gene.
1995,
Pubmed
Kasahara,
Evolution of the major histocompatibility complex: a current overview.
1995,
Pubmed
Kasahara,
Random cloning of genes from mouse chromosome 17.
1987,
Pubmed
Kaufman,
Xenopus MHC class II molecules. II. Polymorphism as determined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kaufman,
Xenopus MHC class II molecules. I. Identification and structural characterization.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kelly,
Complete nucleotide sequence of a functional HLA-DP beta gene and the region between the DP beta 1 and DP alpha 1 genes: comparison of the 5' ends of HLA class II genes.
1985,
Pubmed
Klein,
Nomenclature for the major histocompatibility complexes of different species: a proposal.
1990,
Pubmed
Kozak,
Compilation and analysis of sequences upstream from the translational start site in eukaryotic mRNAs.
1984,
Pubmed
Lawlor,
Evolution of class-I MHC genes and proteins: from natural selection to thymic selection.
1990,
Pubmed
Mount,
A catalogue of splice junction sequences.
1982,
Pubmed
Ono,
New beta chain-encoding Mhc class II genes in the carp.
1993,
Pubmed
Ono,
Exon-intron organization of fish major histocompatibility complex class II B genes.
1993,
Pubmed
Patient,
Internal organization of the major adult alpha- and beta-globin genes of X. laevis.
1980,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Rackwitz,
Rapid restriction mapping of DNA cloned in lambda phage vectors.
1984,
Pubmed
Radley,
Genomic organization of HLA-DMA and HLA-DMB. Comparison of the gene organization of all six class II families in the human major histocompatibility complex.
1994,
Pubmed
Rammensee,
MHC molecules as peptide receptors.
1993,
Pubmed
Saiki,
Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase.
1988,
Pubmed
Sanger,
DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors.
1977,
Pubmed
Sato,
Evolution of the MHC: isolation of class II beta-chain cDNA clones from the amphibian Xenopus laevis.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Schwager,
Organization and rearrangement of immunoglobulin M genes in the amphibian Xenopus.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Servenius,
Class II genes of the human major histocompatibility complex. The DO beta gene is a divergent member of the class II beta gene family.
1987,
Pubmed
Shum,
Isolation of a classical MHC class I cDNA from an amphibian. Evidence for only one class I locus in the Xenopus MHC.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sültmann,
Organization of Mhc class II B genes in the zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio).
1994,
Pubmed
Takahata,
MHC diversity and selection.
1995,
Pubmed
Thiébaud,
DNA content in the genus Xenopus.
1977,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Trowsdale,
"Both man & bird & beast": comparative organization of MHC genes.
1995,
Pubmed
Vilen,
Stereospecific alignment of the X and Y elements is required for major histocompatibility complex class II DRA promoter function.
1991,
Pubmed
Zoorob,
Chicken major histocompatibility complex class II B genes: analysis of interallelic and interlocus sequence variance.
1993,
Pubmed
Zoorob,
Organization of a functional chicken class II B gene.
1990,
Pubmed
