Park EC et al. (2005), Identification and expression of XRTN2 and XRTN...

XB-ART-2172

Dev Dyn 2005 May 01;2331:240-7. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.20327.

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Identification and expression of XRTN2 and XRTN3 during Xenopus development.

Park EC , Shim S , Han JK .

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The reticulon (RTN) family of proteins has been described as a new eukaryotic protein family. We have isolated Xenopus cDNA homologues of RTN2 and RTN3 and examined their expression patterns during Xenopus development. XRTN2 has two transcripts, XRTN2-B and XRTN2-C, which encode 321 and 191 amino acids, respectively. XRTN3 has only one transcript that encodes 214 amino acids. We detected the XRTN2-B transcript in the neural tissues and brain from the early neurula stage. XRTN2-C is strongly expressed in the myotome, future skeletal muscle. The XRTN3 mRNA is localized in the animal hemisphere of the egg and blastula stage embryos and then subsequently restricted, mainly in the neural tissues. At the subcellular level, The XRTN proteins are expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum network structure of the animal cap cells as well as COS-7 cells. Our results suggest the potential roles of XRTN2s and XRTN3 during Xenopus embryogenesis.

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Species referenced: Xenopus laevis
Genes referenced: pc.1 rtn2 rtn3

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Figure 3. The spatial expression patterns of XRTN2s and XRTN3. A: XRTN2-B. a: Stage (St.) 16, anterior side view. b: St. 19, dorsal side view, anterior to the left. c: St. 20, dissection view. d: Magnified view of c. The XRTN2-B transcript is localized in neural tissues, specifically the eye anlagen and neural plate (arrows). e: St. 21, dorsal view. f,g: St. 25, lateral view (f), dorsal view (g). h: St. 30, lateral view. i: St. 32, lateral view. XRTN2-B expression is restricted in the specific regions of the brain such as the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon. j: St. 40, lateral view. B: XRTN2-C. a: St. 17, dorsal side view, anterior to the left. b: St. 18, dorsal view. Arrowheads indicate the paraxial mesoderm. c: St. 19, dissection view. d: Magnified view of c. e,f: St. 20, anterior view (e), dorsal view (f). As the neural tube closes, XRTN2-C expression spreads posterior-lateral side, which is the posterior paraxial mesoderm. g,h: St. 22, lateral view (g), dorsal view (h). i: St. 24, dissection view. j: Magnified view of i. The XRTN2-C expression is restricted in myotome of somite. k: St 30, lateral view. l: St. 35, lateral view. The XRTN2-C expression is specified in the specific regions of the brain, the prosencephalon, mesencephalon, and rhombencephalon, as well as the myotome. m: St. 40 lateral view. C: XRTN3. a: Four-cell stage, dorsolateral side view. b: St. 6, dorsolateral view. c: St. 8, lateral view. d,e: St. 10.5, animal view (d), ventrolateral view (e). The arrow in e indicates the blastopore lip. The maternal XRTN3 transcript is detected in the animal hemisphere of the blastula and gastrula stage embryos. f,g: St. 18, dorsal view (f), dissection view (g). h: Magnified view of g. At the neurula stage, the XRTN3 expression commences in neural tissues, including the neural plate (arrow) and anterior head structure. i: St. 21, dorsal view. j,k: St. 22, lateral view (j), dissection view (k). l: Magnified view of k. m: St. 23, dorsal view. Specific expression in the optic nerve and spinal cord can be observed. n: St. 25, lateral view. As the mid-tail bud stage is passed over, the XRTN3 transcript is expressed in the somite and branchial arch. o: St. 30, lateral view. In addition to the optic nerve, the otic vesicle has XRTN3 expression. p: St. 35, lateral view. The XRTN3 expression is roughly maintained in the neural tissue, including the head. D: Sense. No positive signals were detected with sense probes of XRTNs. a: XRTN2-B sense in situ. b: XRTN2-C sense in situ. c: XRTN3 sense in situ. ba, branchial arch; ea, eye anlagen; ey, eye; mc, mesencephalon; my, myotome; nc, notochord; np, neural plate; nt, neural tube; on, optic nerve; ov, otic vesicle; pc, prosencephalon; pm, paraxial mesoderm; rc, rhombencephalon; sc, spinal cord; sm, somite.