Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Architecture of the Xenopus nuclear pore complex revealed by three-dimensional cryo-electron microscopy.
Akey CW
,
Radermacher M
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The nuclear pore complex spans the nuclear envelope and functions as a macromolecular transporter in the ATP-dependent process of nucleocytoplasmic transport. In this report, we present three dimensional (3D) structures for both membrane-associated and detergent-extracted Xenopus NPCs, imaged in frozen buffers by cryo-electron microscopy. A comparison of the differing configurations present in the 3D maps suggests that the spokes may possess an intrinsic conformational flexibility. When combined with recent data from a 3D map of negatively stained NPCs (Hinshaw, J. E., B. O. Carragher, and R. A. Milligan. 1992. Cell. 69:1133-1141), these observations suggest a minimal domain model for the spoke-ring complex which may account for the observed plasticity of this assembly. Moreover, lumenal domains in adjacent spokes are interconnected by radial arm dimers, forming a lumenal ring that may be responsible for anchoring the NPC within the nuclear envelope pore. Importantly, the NPC transporter is visualized as a centrally tapered cylinder that spans the entire width of the NPC, in a direction normal to the nuclear envelope. The central positioning, tripartite structure, and hollow nature of the transporter suggests that it may form a macromolecular transport channel, with a globular gating domain at each end. Finally, the packing of the transporter within the spokes creates a set of eight internal channels that may be responsible, in part, for the diffusion of ions and small molecules across the nuclear envelope.
Adam,
Cytosolic proteins that specifically bind nuclear location signals are receptors for nuclear import.
1991, Pubmed
Adam,
Cytosolic proteins that specifically bind nuclear location signals are receptors for nuclear import.
1991,
Pubmed
Aebi,
The nuclear lamina is a meshwork of intermediate-type filaments.
,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Akey,
Probing the structure and function of the nuclear pore complex.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Akey,
Interactions and structure of the nuclear pore complex revealed by cryo-electron microscopy.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Akey,
Protein import through the nuclear pore complex is a multistep process.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Akey,
Visualization of transport-related configurations of the nuclear pore transporter.
1990,
Pubmed
Bataillé,
Cytoplasmic transport of ribosomal subunits microinjected into the Xenopus laevis oocyte nucleus: a generalized, facilitated process.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Berrios,
Localization of a myosin heavy chain-like polypeptide to Drosophila nuclear pore complexes.
1991,
Pubmed
Buhle,
Correlation of surface topography of metal-shadowed specimens with their negatively stained reconstructions.
1985,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dabauvalle,
Inhibition of nuclear accumulation of karyophilic proteins in living cells by microinjection of the lectin wheat germ agglutinin.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dargemont,
Export of mRNA from microinjected nuclei of Xenopus laevis oocytes.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dingwall,
Protein import into the cell nucleus.
1986,
Pubmed
Dubochet,
Cryo-electron microscopy of vitrified specimens.
1988,
Pubmed
Dworetzky,
Translocation of RNA-coated gold particles through the nuclear pores of oocytes.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
FELDHERR,
The nuclear annuli as pathways for nucleocytoplasmic exchanges.
1962,
Pubmed
Fabergé,
Direct demonstration of eight-fold symmetry in nuclear pores.
1973,
Pubmed
Featherstone,
A monoclonal antibody against the nuclear pore complex inhibits nucleocytoplasmic transport of protein and RNA in vivo.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Feldherr,
Movement of a karyophilic protein through the nuclear pores of oocytes.
1984,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Feldherr,
The permeability of the nuclear envelope in dividing and nondividing cell cultures.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Finlay,
Inhibition of in vitro nuclear transport by a lectin that binds to nuclear pores.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Forbes,
Structure and function of the nuclear pore complex.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Frank,
Computer averaging of electron micrographs of 40S ribosomal subunits.
1981,
Pubmed
Franke,
The ultrastructure of the nuclear envelope of amphibian oocytes: a reinvestigation. I. The mature oocyte.
1970,
Pubmed
Gerace,
Functional organization of the nuclear envelope.
1988,
Pubmed
Goldberg,
High resolution scanning electron microscopy of the nuclear envelope: demonstration of a new, regular, fibrous lattice attached to the baskets of the nucleoplasmic face of the nuclear pores.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Goldfarb,
Synthetic peptides as nuclear localization signals.
,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Greber,
Nuclear protein import is inhibited by an antibody to a lumenal epitope of a nuclear pore complex glycoprotein.
1992,
Pubmed
Greber,
A major glycoprotein of the nuclear pore complex is a membrane-spanning polypeptide with a large lumenal domain and a small cytoplasmic tail.
1990,
Pubmed
Hinshaw,
Architecture and design of the nuclear pore complex.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Jarnik,
Toward a more complete 3-D structure of the nuclear pore complex.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kedersha,
Vaults. III. Vault ribonucleoprotein particles open into flower-like structures with octagonal symmetry.
1991,
Pubmed
Maquat,
Nuclear mRNA export.
1991,
Pubmed
Maul,
The nuclear and the cytoplasmic pore complex: structure, dynamics, distribution, and evolution.
1977,
Pubmed
Mehlin,
Translocation of a specific premessenger ribonucleoprotein particle through the nuclear pore studied with electron microscope tomography.
1992,
Pubmed
Michaud,
Microinjected U snRNAs are imported to oocyte nuclei via the nuclear pore complex by three distinguishable targeting pathways.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Moll,
The role of phosphorylation and the CDC28 protein kinase in cell cycle-regulated nuclear import of the S. cerevisiae transcription factor SWI5.
1991,
Pubmed
Moore,
The two steps of nuclear import, targeting to the nuclear envelope and translocation through the nuclear pore, require different cytosolic factors.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Newmeyer,
Assembly in vitro of nuclei active in nuclear protein transport: ATP is required for nucleoplasmin accumulation.
1986,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Newmeyer,
Nuclear import can be separated into distinct steps in vitro: nuclear pore binding and translocation.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Newmeyer,
An N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive cytosolic factor necessary for nuclear protein import: requirement in signal-mediated binding to the nuclear pore.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nigg,
Nuclear import-export: in search of signals and mechanisms.
1991,
Pubmed
Paine,
Nuclear envelope permeability.
1975,
Pubmed
Radermacher,
Three-dimensional reconstruction of single particles from random and nonrandom tilt series.
1988,
Pubmed
Reichelt,
Correlation between structure and mass distribution of the nuclear pore complex and of distinct pore complex components.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Richardson,
Nuclear protein migration involves two steps: rapid binding at the nuclear envelope followed by slower translocation through nuclear pores.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Robbins,
Two interdependent basic domains in nucleoplasmin nuclear targeting sequence: identification of a class of bipartite nuclear targeting sequence.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sterne-Marr,
O-linked glycoproteins of the nuclear pore complex interact with a cytosolic factor required for nuclear protein import.
1992,
Pubmed
Stevens,
RNA transport from nucleus to cytoplasm in Chironomus salivary glands.
1966,
Pubmed
Stewart,
Image reconstruction reveals the complex molecular organization of adenovirus.
1991,
Pubmed
Unwin,
A large particle associated with the perimeter of the nuclear pore complex.
1982,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wang,
Identification of a Fab interaction footprint site on an icosahedral virus by cryoelectron microscopy and X-ray crystallography.
1992,
Pubmed
Wozniak,
Primary structure analysis of an integral membrane glycoprotein of the nuclear pore.
1989,
Pubmed
Zasloff,
tRNA transport from the nucleus in a eukaryotic cell: carrier-mediated translocation process.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
