Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Genes Dev
2005 Feb 15;194:502-13. doi: 10.1101/gad.320705.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Xenopus polo-like kinase Plx1 regulates XErp1, a novel inhibitor of APC/C activity.
Schmidt A
,
Duncan PI
,
Rauh NR
,
Sauer G
,
Fry AM
,
Nigg EA
,
Mayer TU
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Metaphase-to-anaphase transition is a fundamental step in cell cycle progression where duplicated sister-chromatids segregate to the future daughter cells. The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) is a highly regulated ubiquitin-ligase that triggers anaphase onset and mitotic exit by targeting securin and mitotic cyclins for destruction. It was previously shown that the Xenopus polo-like kinase Plx1 is essential to activate APC/C upon release from cytostatic factor (CSF) arrest in Xenopus egg extract. Although the mechanism by which Plx1 regulates APC/C activation remained unclear, the existence of a putative APC/C inhibitor was postulated whose activity would be neutralized by Plx1 upon CSF release. Here we identify XErp1, a novel Plx1-regulated inhibitor of APC/C activity, and we demonstrate that XErp1 is required to prevent anaphase onset in CSF-arrested Xenopus egg extract. Inactivation of XErp1 leads to premature APC/C activation. Conversely, addition of excess XErp1 to Xenopus egg extract prevents APC/C activation. Plx1 phosphorylates XErp1 in vitro at a site that targets XErp1 for degradation upon CSF release. Thus, our data lead to a model of APC/C activation in Xenopus egg extract in which Plx1 targets the APC/C inhibitor XErp1 for degradation.
???displayArticle.pubmedLink???
15713843
???displayArticle.pmcLink???PMC548950 ???displayArticle.link???Genes Dev
Barr,
Polo-like kinases and the orchestration of cell division.
2004, Pubmed
Barr,
Polo-like kinases and the orchestration of cell division.
2004,
Pubmed
Brassac,
The polo-like kinase Plx1 prevents premature inactivation of the APC(Fizzy)-dependent pathway in the early Xenopus cell cycle.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Desai,
The use of Xenopus egg extracts to study mitotic spindle assembly and function in vitro.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Descombes,
The polo-like kinase Plx1 is required for M phase exit and destruction of mitotic regulators in Xenopus egg extracts.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Donaldson,
Metaphase arrest with centromere separation in polo mutants of Drosophila.
2001,
Pubmed
Dong,
Control of G1 in the developing Drosophila eye: rca1 regulates Cyclin A.
1997,
Pubmed
Elia,
The molecular basis for phosphodependent substrate targeting and regulation of Plks by the Polo-box domain.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Fuchs,
The many faces of beta-TrCP E3 ubiquitin ligases: reflections in the magic mirror of cancer.
2004,
Pubmed
Funabiki,
The Xenopus chromokinesin Xkid is essential for metaphase chromosome alignment and must be degraded to allow anaphase chromosome movement.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gabrielli,
Requirement for Cdk2 in cytostatic factor-mediated metaphase II arrest.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gietz,
Transformation of yeast by lithium acetate/single-stranded carrier DNA/polyethylene glycol method.
2002,
Pubmed
Golan,
The cyclin-ubiquitin ligase activity of cyclosome/APC is jointly activated by protein kinases Cdk1-cyclin B and Plk.
2002,
Pubmed
Hansen,
Plk1 regulates activation of the anaphase promoting complex by phosphorylating and triggering SCFbetaTrCP-dependent destruction of the APC Inhibitor Emi1.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kosako,
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase is required for the mos-induced metaphase arrest.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kotani,
PKA and MPF-activated polo-like kinase regulate anaphase-promoting complex activity and mitosis progression.
1998,
Pubmed
Kraft,
Mitotic regulation of the human anaphase-promoting complex by phosphorylation.
2003,
Pubmed
Kramer,
Activation of the human anaphase-promoting complex by proteins of the CDC20/Fizzy family.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Liu,
The polo box is required for multiple functions of Plx1 in mitosis.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lorca,
Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II mediates inactivation of MPF and CSF upon fertilization of Xenopus eggs.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Masui,
Cytoplasmic control of nuclear behavior during meiotic maturation of frog oocytes.
1971,
Pubmed
Moshe,
Role of Polo-like kinase in the degradation of early mitotic inhibitor 1, a regulator of the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Murray,
Recycling the cell cycle: cyclins revisited.
2004,
Pubmed
Murray,
Cell cycle extracts.
1991,
Pubmed
Ohsumi,
Emi1-mediated M-phase arrest in Xenopus eggs is distinct from cytostatic factor arrest.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Rappsilber,
Stop and go extraction tips for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, nanoelectrospray, and LC/MS sample pretreatment in proteomics.
2003,
Pubmed
Regan-Reimann,
Identification of novel F-box proteins in Xenopus laevis.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Reimann,
Emi1 is required for cytostatic factor arrest in vertebrate eggs.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Reimann,
Emi1 is a mitotic regulator that interacts with Cdc20 and inhibits the anaphase promoting complex.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Reimann,
Emi1 regulates the anaphase-promoting complex by a different mechanism than Mad2 proteins.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sagata,
The c-mos proto-oncogene product is a cytostatic factor responsible for meiotic arrest in vertebrate eggs.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Schwab,
Bub1 is activated by the protein kinase p90(Rsk) during Xenopus oocyte maturation.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shevchenko,
Mass spectrometric sequencing of proteins silver-stained polyacrylamide gels.
1996,
Pubmed
Shirayama,
The Polo-like kinase Cdc5p and the WD-repeat protein Cdc20p/fizzy are regulators and substrates of the anaphase promoting complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
1998,
Pubmed
Stemmann,
Dual inhibition of sister chromatid separation at metaphase.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sturgill,
Insulin-stimulated MAP-2 kinase phosphorylates and activates ribosomal protein S6 kinase II.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tunquist,
The spindle checkpoint kinase bub1 and cyclin e/cdk2 both contribute to the establishment of meiotic metaphase arrest by cytostatic factor.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tunquist,
Under arrest: cytostatic factor (CSF)-mediated metaphase arrest in vertebrate eggs.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tunquist,
Spindle checkpoint proteins Mad1 and Mad2 are required for cytostatic factor-mediated metaphase arrest.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
