Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
1992 Dec 15;8924:11939-43.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Resistance to host antimicrobial peptides is necessary for Salmonella virulence.
Groisman EA
,
Parra-Lopez C
,
Salcedo M
,
Lipps CJ
,
Heffron F
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The production of antibacterial peptides is a host defense strategy used by various species, including mammals, amphibians, and insects. Successful pathogens, such as the facultative intracellular bacterium Salmonella typhimurium, have evolved resistance mechanisms to this ubiquitous type of host defense. To identify the genes required for resistance to host peptides, we isolated a library of 20,000 MudJ transposon insertion mutants of a virulent peptide-resistant S. typhimurium strain and screened it for hypersensitivity to the antimicrobial peptide protamine. Eighteen mutants had heightened susceptibility to protamine and 12 of them were characterized in detail. Eleven mutants were attenuated for virulence in vivo when inoculated into BALB/c mice by the intragastric route, and 8 of them were also avirulent following intraperitoneal inoculation. The mutants fell into different phenotypic classes with respect to their susceptibility to rabbit defensin NP-1, frog magainin 2, pig cecropin P1, and the insect venom-derived peptides mastoparan and melittin. The resistance loci mapped to eight distinct locations in the genome. Characterization of the mutants showed that one had a defective lipopolysaccharide and another mutant harbored a mutation in phoP, a locus previously shown to control expression of Salmonella virulence genes. Our data indicate that the ability to resist the killing effect of host antimicrobial peptides is a virulence property and that several resistance mechanisms operate in S. typhimurium.
Benjamin,
The Salmonella typhimurium locus mviA regulates virulence in Itys but not Ityr mice: functional mviA results in avirulence; mutant (nonfunctional) mviA results in virulence.
1991, Pubmed
Benjamin,
The Salmonella typhimurium locus mviA regulates virulence in Itys but not Ityr mice: functional mviA results in avirulence; mutant (nonfunctional) mviA results in virulence.
1991,
Pubmed
Benjamin,
A hemA mutation renders Salmonella typhimurium avirulent in mice, yet capable of eliciting protection against intravenous infection with S. typhimurium.
1991,
Pubmed
Benson,
Rapid mapping in Salmonella typhimurium with Mud-P22 prophages.
1992,
Pubmed
Blight,
Structure and function of haemolysin B,P-glycoprotein and other members of a novel family of membrane translocators.
1990,
Pubmed
Boman,
Cell-free immunity in Cecropia. A model system for antibacterial proteins.
1991,
Pubmed
Bulet,
Insect immunity. Isolation from a coleopteran insect of a novel inducible antibacterial peptide and of new members of the insect defensin family.
1991,
Pubmed
Casteels,
Apidaecins: antibacterial peptides from honeybees.
1989,
Pubmed
Castilho,
Plasmid insertion mutagenesis and lac gene fusion with mini-mu bacteriophage transposons.
1984,
Pubmed
Christensen,
Channel-forming properties of cecropins and related model compounds incorporated into planar lipid membranes.
1988,
Pubmed
Cruciani,
Antibiotic magainins exert cytolytic activity against transformed cell lines through channel formation.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Curtiss,
Salmonella typhimurium deletion mutants lacking adenylate cyclase and cyclic AMP receptor protein are avirulent and immunogenic.
1987,
Pubmed
Diamond,
Tracheal antimicrobial peptide, a cysteine-rich peptide from mammalian tracheal mucosa: peptide isolation and cloning of a cDNA.
1991,
Pubmed
Dimarcq,
Insect immunity: expression of the two major inducible antibacterial peptides, defensin and diptericin, in Phormia terranovae.
1990,
Pubmed
Fields,
A Salmonella locus that controls resistance to microbicidal proteins from phagocytic cells.
1989,
Pubmed
Fields,
Mutants of Salmonella typhimurium that cannot survive within the macrophage are avirulent.
1986,
Pubmed
Foster,
Adaptive acidification tolerance response of Salmonella typhimurium.
1990,
Pubmed
Fujiwara,
A potent antibacterial protein in royal jelly. Purification and determination of the primary structure of royalisin.
1990,
Pubmed
Galán,
Cloning and molecular characterization of genes whose products allow Salmonella typhimurium to penetrate tissue culture cells.
1989,
Pubmed
Ganz,
Microbicidal/cytotoxic proteins of neutrophils are deficient in two disorders: Chediak-Higashi syndrome and "specific" granule deficiency.
1988,
Pubmed
Groisman,
Salmonella virulence: new clues to intramacrophage survival.
1990,
Pubmed
Groisman,
Salmonella typhimurium phoP virulence gene is a transcriptional regulator.
1989,
Pubmed
Groisman,
Molecular genetic analysis of the Escherichia coli phoP locus.
1992,
Pubmed
Hughes,
Transitory cis complementation: a method for providing transposition functions to defective transposons.
1988,
Pubmed
Juretić,
Magainin 2 amide and analogues. Antimicrobial activity, membrane depolarization and susceptibility to proteolysis.
1989,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kagan,
Antimicrobial defensin peptides form voltage-dependent ion-permeable channels in planar lipid bilayer membranes.
1990,
Pubmed
Lambert,
Insect immunity: isolation from immune blood of the dipteran Phormia terranovae of two insect antibacterial peptides with sequence homology to rabbit lung macrophage bactericidal peptides.
1989,
Pubmed
Lee,
Antibacterial peptides from pig intestine: isolation of a mammalian cecropin.
1989,
Pubmed
Lehrer,
Defensins: endogenous antibiotic peptides of animal cells.
1991,
Pubmed
Macias,
Bactericidal activity of magainin 2: use of lipopolysaccharide mutants.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
McHugh,
Isolation and characterization of proline peptidase mutants of Salmonella typhimurium.
1974,
Pubmed
Miller,
Characterization of defensin resistance phenotypes associated with mutations in the phoP virulence regulon of Salmonella typhimurium.
1990,
Pubmed
Miller,
A two-component regulatory system (phoP phoQ) controls Salmonella typhimurium virulence.
1989,
Pubmed
Moore,
Antimicrobial peptides in the stomach of Xenopus laevis.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Moore,
A novel peptide-producing cell in Xenopus: multinucleated gastric mucosal cell strikingly similar to the granular gland of the skin.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Oppenheim,
Histatins, a novel family of histidine-rich proteins in human parotid secretion. Isolation, characterization, primary structure, and fungistatic effects on Candida albicans.
1988,
Pubmed
Ouellette,
A novel mouse gene family coding for cationic, cysteine-rich peptides. Regulation in small intestine and cells of myeloid origin.
1990,
Pubmed
Ouellette,
Developmental regulation of cryptdin, a corticostatin/defensin precursor mRNA in mouse small intestinal crypt epithelium.
1989,
Pubmed
Romeo,
Structure and bactericidal activity of an antibiotic dodecapeptide purified from bovine neutrophils.
1988,
Pubmed
Sanderson,
Linkage map of Salmonella typhimurium, edition VII.
1988,
Pubmed
Selsted,
Indolicidin, a novel bactericidal tridecapeptide amide from neutrophils.
1992,
Pubmed
Shigenaga,
Antimicrobial tachyplesin peptide precursor. cDNA cloning and cellular localization in the horseshoe crab (Tachypleus tridentatus).
1990,
Pubmed
Wolff,
Magainin-like immunoreactivity in human submandibular and labial salivary glands.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Zasloff,
Magainins, a class of antimicrobial peptides from Xenopus skin: isolation, characterization of two active forms, and partial cDNA sequence of a precursor.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
