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EMBO J
1985 Jun 01;46:1537-43. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03814.x.
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Transcription signals in embryonic Xenopus laevis U1 RNA genes.
Ciliberto G
,
Buckland R
,
Cortese R
,
Philipson L
.
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A genomic clone of the most abundant U1 RNA genes from Xenopus laevis was isolated from erythrocyte DNA and sequenced. Two different U1 RNA genes, U1A and U1B, are encoded in an HindIII 1.5-kb fragment and both are expressed after microinjection in Xenopus oocytes. Deletions and site-directed mutagenesis of the clones revealed two promoter elements in the U1B gene; one, located 250-220 nucleotides upstream from the 5' terminus of mature U1 RNA, functions as an activator, yielding a 10-fold promotion of transcription; the other, located 60-50 nucleotides upstream of the cap site, functions as an essential element for promotion of transcription. The U1A gene contained only the latter element in the cloned fragment. Homologous sequences can be identified in several U RNA genes of X. laevis.
Bringmann,
Purification of snRNPs U1, U2, U4, U5 and U6 with 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine-specific antibody and definition of their constituent proteins reacting with anti-Sm and anti-(U1)RNP antisera.
1983, Pubmed
Bringmann,
Purification of snRNPs U1, U2, U4, U5 and U6 with 2,2,7-trimethylguanosine-specific antibody and definition of their constituent proteins reacting with anti-Sm and anti-(U1)RNP antisera.
1983,
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Denison,
Abundant pseudogenes for small nuclear RNAs are dispersed in the human genome.
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Forbes,
Differential expression of multiple U1 small nuclear RNAs in oocytes and embryos of Xenopus laevis.
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Keller,
The RNA lariat: a new ring to the splicing of mRNA precursors.
1984,
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Kristo,
Characterization of three chicken pseudogenes for U1 RNA.
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Lerner,
Antibodies to small nuclear RNAs complexed with proteins are produced by patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Lund,
True genes for human U1 small nuclear RNA. Copy number, polymorphism, and methylation.
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Lund,
The two embryonic U1 small nuclear RNAs of Xenopus laevis are encoded by a major family of tandemly repeated genes.
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Manser,
Human U1 loci: genes for human U1 RNA have dramatically similar genomic environments.
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Mattaj,
Xenopus laevis U2 snRNA genes: tandemly repeated transcription units sharing 5' and 3' flanking homology with other RNA polymerase II transcribed genes.
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McGrogan,
Purification of specific adenovirus 2 RNAs by preparative hybridization and selective thermal elution.
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New M13 vectors for cloning.
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Loci for human U1 RNA: structural and evolutionary implications.
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The U1 small nuclear RNA-protein complex selectively binds a 5' splice site in vitro.
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Transcription of a gene for human U1 small nuclear RNA.
1982,
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Murray,
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Skuzeski,
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Xenopus laevis U1 snRNA genes: characterisation of transcriptionally active genes reveals major and minor repeated gene families.
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