Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Biophys J
2008 Aug 01;953:1474-86. doi: 10.1529/biophysj.107.128223.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Three-dimensional microtubule behavior in Xenopus egg extracts reveals four dynamic states and state-dependent elastic properties.
Keller PJ
,
Pampaloni F
,
Lattanzi G
,
Stelzer EH
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Although microtubules are key players in many cellular processes, very little is known about their dynamic and mechanical properties in physiological three-dimensional environments. The conventional model of microtubule dynamic instability postulates two dynamic microtubule states, growth and shrinkage. However, several studies have indicated that such a model does not provide a comprehensive quantitative and qualitative description of microtubule behavior. Using three-dimensional laser light-sheet fluorescence microscopy and a three-dimensional sample preparation in spacious Teflon cylinders, we measured microtubule dynamic instability and elasticity in interphase Xenopus laevis egg extracts. Our data are inconsistent with a two-state model of microtubule dynamic instability and favor an extended four-state model with two independent metastable pause states over a three-state model with a single pause state. Moreover, our data on kinetic state transitions rule out a simple GTP cap model as the driving force of microtubule stabilization in egg extracts on timescales of a few seconds or longer. We determined the three-dimensional elastic properties of microtubules as a function of both the contour length and the dynamic state. Our results indicate that pausing microtubules are less flexible than growing microtubules and suggest a growth-speed-dependent persistence length. These data might hint toward mechanisms that enable microtubules to efficiently perform multiple different tasks in the cell and suggest the development of a unified model of microtubule dynamics and microtubule mechanics.
Arnal,
Structural transitions at microtubule ends correlate with their dynamic properties in Xenopus egg extracts.
2000, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Arnal,
Structural transitions at microtubule ends correlate with their dynamic properties in Xenopus egg extracts.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Benetatos,
Depinning of semiflexible polymers.
2003,
Pubmed
Brittle,
Mini spindles, the XMAP215 homologue, suppresses pausing of interphase microtubules in Drosophila.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Caplow,
Evidence that a single monolayer tubulin-GTP cap is both necessary and sufficient to stabilize microtubules.
1996,
Pubmed
Caplow,
Stabilization of microtubules by tubulin-GDP-Pi subunits.
1989,
Pubmed
Chrétien,
Microtubule's conformational cap.
1999,
Pubmed
Chrétien,
Structure of growing microtubule ends: two-dimensional sheets close into tubes at variable rates.
1995,
Pubmed
Cohen,
An estimate of the amount of microtubule protein in the isolated mitotic apparatus.
1970,
Pubmed
Davis,
Microtubule dynamics modulated by guanosine triphosphate hydrolysis activity of beta-tubulin.
1994,
Pubmed
Desai,
Microtubule polymerization dynamics.
1997,
Pubmed
Felgner,
Flexural rigidity of microtubules measured with the use of optical tweezers.
1996,
Pubmed
Felgner,
Domains of neuronal microtubule-associated proteins and flexural rigidity of microtubules.
1997,
Pubmed
Gittes,
Flexural rigidity of microtubules and actin filaments measured from thermal fluctuations in shape.
1993,
Pubmed
Gliksman,
How the transition frequencies of microtubule dynamic instability (nucleation, catastrophe, and rescue) regulate microtubule dynamics in interphase and mitosis: analysis using a Monte Carlo computer simulation.
1993,
Pubmed
Greger,
Basic building units and properties of a fluorescence single plane illumination microscope.
2007,
Pubmed
Handel,
Cell shape and morphology of the neural tube: implications for microtubule function.
1971,
Pubmed
Heald,
A dynamic duo of microtubule modulators.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hill,
Introductory analysis of the GTP-cap phase-change kinetics at the end of a microtubule.
1984,
Pubmed
Holy,
Dynamic instability of microtubules as an efficient way to search in space.
1994,
Pubmed
Huisken,
Optical sectioning deep inside live embryos by selective plane illumination microscopy.
2004,
Pubmed
Janson,
Scaling of microtubule force-velocity curves obtained at different tubulin concentrations.
2004,
Pubmed
Janson,
A bending mode analysis for growing microtubules: evidence for a velocity-dependent rigidity.
2004,
Pubmed
Jánosi,
Modeling elastic properties of microtubule tips and walls.
1998,
Pubmed
Keller,
Three-dimensional preparation and imaging reveal intrinsic microtubule properties.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Keller,
Life sciences require the third dimension.
2006,
Pubmed
Kis,
Nanomechanics of microtubules.
2002,
Pubmed
Komarova,
Life cycle of MTs: persistent growth in the cell interior, asymmetric transition frequencies and effects of the cell boundary.
2002,
Pubmed
Kurz,
Microtubule-associated proteins and the flexibility of microtubules.
1995,
Pubmed
Luykx,
Cellular mechanisms of chromosome distribution.
1970,
Pubmed
Mandelkow,
Microtubule dynamics and microtubule caps: a time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy study.
1991,
Pubmed
Mickey,
Rigidity of microtubules is increased by stabilizing agents.
1995,
Pubmed
Mitchison,
Dynamic instability of microtubule growth.
,
Pubmed
Murray,
Cell cycle extracts.
1991,
Pubmed
Needleman,
Radial compression of microtubules and the mechanism of action of taxol and associated proteins.
2005,
Pubmed
Nogales,
Structure of the alpha beta tubulin dimer by electron crystallography.
1998,
Pubmed
Pampaloni,
Thermal fluctuations of grafted microtubules provide evidence of a length-dependent persistence length.
2006,
Pubmed
Parsons,
Microtubule assembly in clarified Xenopus egg extracts.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Popov,
XMAP215 regulates microtubule dynamics through two distinct domains.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Rodriguez,
Conserved microtubule-actin interactions in cell movement and morphogenesis.
2003,
Pubmed
Rusan,
Cell cycle-dependent changes in microtubule dynamics in living cells expressing green fluorescent protein-alpha tubulin.
2001,
Pubmed
Schek,
Microtubule assembly dynamics at the nanoscale.
2007,
Pubmed
Schliwa,
Molecular motors.
2003,
Pubmed
Shelden,
Observation and quantification of individual microtubule behavior in vivo: microtubule dynamics are cell-type specific.
1993,
Pubmed
Shirasu-Hiza,
Identification of XMAP215 as a microtubule-destabilizing factor in Xenopus egg extract by biochemical purification.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tilney,
Microtubules in the formation and development of the primary mesenchyme in Arbacia punctulata. II. An experimental analysis of their role in development and maintenance of cell shape.
1969,
Pubmed
Tirnauer,
Microtubule plus-end dynamics in Xenopus egg extract spindles.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tirnauer,
EB1-microtubule interactions in Xenopus egg extracts: role of EB1 in microtubule stabilization and mechanisms of targeting to microtubules.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tirnauer,
Yeast Bim1p promotes the G1-specific dynamics of microtubules.
1999,
Pubmed
Tournebize,
Control of microtubule dynamics by the antagonistic activities of XMAP215 and XKCM1 in Xenopus egg extracts.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tran,
A metastable intermediate state of microtubule dynamic instability that differs significantly between plus and minus ends.
1997,
Pubmed
Venier,
Analysis of microtubule rigidity using hydrodynamic flow and thermal fluctuations.
1994,
Pubmed
Verde,
Control of microtubule dynamics and length by cyclin A- and cyclin B-dependent kinases in Xenopus egg extracts.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Walker,
Dilution of individual microtubules observed in real time in vitro: evidence that cap size is small and independent of elongation rate.
1991,
Pubmed
Wittmann,
Cell motility: can Rho GTPases and microtubules point the way?
2001,
Pubmed
Wollman,
Efficient chromosome capture requires a bias in the 'search-and-capture' process during mitotic-spindle assembly.
2005,
Pubmed
