Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
PLoS One
2009 Jan 01;42:e4616. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0004616.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Evidence for directional selection at a novel major histocompatibility class I marker in wild common frogs (Rana temporaria) exposed to a viral pathogen (Ranavirus).
Teacher AG
,
Garner TW
,
Nichols RA
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Whilst the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is well characterized in the anuran Xenopus, this region has not previously been studied in another popular model species, the common frog (Rana temporaria). Nor, to date, have there been any studies of MHC in wild amphibian host-pathogen systems. We characterise an MHC class I locus in the common frog, and present primers to amplify both the whole region, and specifically the antigen binding region. As no more than two expressed haplotypes were found in over 400 clones from 66 individuals, it is likely that there is a single class I locus in this species. This finding is consistent with the single class I locus in Xenopus, but contrasts with the multiple loci identified in axolotls, providing evidence that the diversification of MHC class I into multiple loci likely occurred after the Caudata/Anura divergence (approximately 350 million years ago) but before the Ranidae/Pipidae divergence (approximately 230 mya). We use this locus to compare wild populations of common frogs that have been infected with a viral pathogen (Ranavirus) with those that have no history of infection. We demonstrate that certain MHC supertypes are associated with infection status (even after accounting for shared ancestry), and that the diseased populations have more similar supertype frequencies (lower F(ST)) than the uninfected. These patterns were not seen in a suite of putatively neutral microsatellite loci. We interpret this pattern at the MHC locus to indicate that the disease has imposed selection for particular haplotypes, and hence that common frogs may be adapting to the presence of Ranavirus, which currently kills tens of thousands of amphibians in the UK each year.
???displayArticle.pubmedLink???
19240796
???displayArticle.pmcLink???PMC2643007 ???displayArticle.link???PLoS One
Figure 1. Map Showing the Location of Study Sites in England.Infected (Rv+) populations are indicated by black circles, and uninfected (Rv−) by grey circles.
Figure 2. Neighbour-Joining Tree of MHC Sequences with Supertypes Labeled.Individuals are labeled with disease status ‘POS’ (Rv+) or ‘NEG’ (Rv−), population ID, individual ID and allele ID. Bootstrap support values are reported by each node.
Figure 3. Distribution of Chi-squared Values Generated by Randomizing Disease Status.The chi-squared value obtained from empirical data is marked with an arrow, together with the 95% confidence limit.
Antao,
LOSITAN: a workbench to detect molecular adaptation based on a Fst-outlier method.
2008, Pubmed
Antao,
LOSITAN: a workbench to detect molecular adaptation based on a Fst-outlier method.
2008,
Pubmed
Berlin,
Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci in the common frog, Rana temporaria.
2000,
Pubmed
Bernatchez,
MHC studies in nonmodel vertebrates: what have we learned about natural selection in 15 years?
2003,
Pubmed
Bodmer,
Evolutionary significance of the HL-A system.
1972,
Pubmed
Briles,
Marek's disease: effects of B histocompatibility alloalleles in resistant and susceptible chicken lines.
1977,
Pubmed
Campbell,
Map of the human MHC.
1993,
Pubmed
Clarke,
Maintenance of histocompatibility polymorphisms.
1966,
Pubmed
Consuegra,
Patterns of variability at the major histocompatibility class II alpha locus in Atlantic salmon contrast with those at the class I locus.
2005,
Pubmed
Cunningham,
Pathological and microbiological findings from incidents of unusual mortality of the common frog (Rana temporaria).
1996,
Pubmed
Doherty,
Enhanced immunological surveillance in mice heterozygous at the H-2 gene complex.
1975,
Pubmed
Flajnik,
Changes in the immune system during metamorphosis of Xenopus.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Flajnik,
Two ancient allelic lineages at the single classical class I locus in the Xenopus MHC.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Flajnik,
A novel type of class I gene organization in vertebrates: a large family of non-MHC-linked class I genes is expressed at the RNA level in the amphibian Xenopus.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Froeschke,
MHC class II DRB variability and parasite load in the striped mouse (Rhabdomys pumilio) in the Southern Kalahari.
2005,
Pubmed
Gantress,
Development and characterization of a model system to study amphibian immune responses to iridoviruses.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hedrick,
Pathogen resistance and genetic variation at MHC loci.
2002,
Pubmed
Hill,
Common west African HLA antigens are associated with protection from severe malaria.
1991,
Pubmed
Hughes,
Natural selection at major histocompatibility complex loci of vertebrates.
1998,
Pubmed
Jensen,
Spatially and temporally fluctuating selection at non-MHC immune genes: evidence from TAP polymorphism in populations of brown trout (Salmo trutta, L.).
2008,
Pubmed
Kumar,
MEGA2: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis software.
2001,
Pubmed
Maniero,
Generation of a long-lasting, protective, and neutralizing antibody response to the ranavirus FV3 by the frog Xenopus.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nei,
THE BOTTLENECK EFFECT AND GENETIC VARIABILITY IN POPULATIONS.
1975,
Pubmed
Nonaka,
Major histocompatibility complex gene mapping in the amphibian Xenopus implies a primordial organization.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ohta,
Ancestral organization of the MHC revealed in the amphibian Xenopus.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ohtsuka,
Major histocompatibility complex (Mhc) class Ib gene duplications, organization and expression patterns in mouse strain C57BL/6.
2008,
Pubmed
Piertney,
The evolutionary ecology of the major histocompatibility complex.
2006,
Pubmed
Posada,
MODELTEST: testing the model of DNA substitution.
1998,
Pubmed
Richard,
Highly polymorphic microsatellites in the lacertid Gallotia galloti from the western Canary islands.
2001,
Pubmed
Robert,
Adaptive immunity and histopathology in frog virus 3-infected Xenopus.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Roelants,
Global patterns of diversification in the history of modern amphibians.
2007,
Pubmed
Rozen,
Primer3 on the WWW for general users and for biologist programmers.
2000,
Pubmed
Sammut,
Axolotl MHC architecture and polymorphism.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Seddon,
A temporal analysis shows major histocompatibility complex loci in the Scandinavian wolf population are consistent with neutral evolution.
2004,
Pubmed
Shum,
Isolation of a classical MHC class I cDNA from an amphibian. Evidence for only one class I locus in the Xenopus MHC.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Smith,
The hitch-hiking effect of a favourable gene.
1974,
Pubmed
Tamura,
Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees.
1993,
Pubmed
Vyas,
The known unknowns of antigen processing and presentation.
2008,
Pubmed
