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Incomplete posttranslational prohormone modifications in hyperactive neuroendocrine cells.
Strating JR
,
Martens GJ
.
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In black-background-adapted Xenopus laevis, the intermediate pituitarymelanotrope cells are hyperactive, producing large amounts of their major secretory cargo proopiomelanocortin (POMC, representing ~80% of all newly synthesised proteins), whereas in white-adapted frogs these cells are only basally active. Here we explored in the hyperactive and basally active melanotrope cells the capacity for posttranslational POMC processing events in the secretory pathway. We found that the hyperactive cells produced mainly non-complex N-glycosylated POMC, whereas in the basally active cells POMC was mostly complex N-glycosylated. Furthermore, the relative level of POMC sulphation was ~5.5-fold lower in the hyperactive than in the basally active cells. When the cargo load in the secretory pathway of the hyperactive cells was pharmacologically reduced, the relative amount of complex glycosylated POMC markedly increased. Collectively, our data show that the secretory pathway in hyperactive neuroendocrine secretory cells lacks the capacity to fully comply with the high demands for complex glycosylation and sulphation of the overload of secretory cargo. Thus, a hyperactive secretory cell may run short in providing an output of correctly modified biological signals.
Figure 1. Biosynthesis of POMC in hyperactive and basally active Xenopus melanotrope cells. A, Neurointermediate lobes (NILs) from black-adapted (BA) and white-adapted (WA) animals were pulse labelled with [35S]methionine/cysteine for 30 minutes and subsequently chased for three hours. The WA NILs were pulsed and chased in the presence of 10-6 M apomorphine to retain their basally active characteristics. Aliquots of the cell lysates (cells; BA: 5% of total lysate, WA: 10%) and the incubation media (media; BA: 10%, WA: 20%) were analysed by 15% SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. B, The amount of 37 K POMC remaining in the cells following the pulse-chase incubation. C, The total amounts (cells + media) of 18 K and 18 K* POMC produced during the pulse-chase incubations. The 18 K*/18 K ratios are given above the bars. Data are shown as means +/- s.e.m.; **, p < 0.01; all bars represent four animals.
Figure 2. Dynamics of 18 K and 18 K* POMC biosynthesis in hyperactive Xenopus melanotrope cells. Neurointermediate lobes from black-adapted Xenopus laevis were pulse labelled with [35S]methionine/cysteine for ten minutes and chased for the indicated time periods. Aliquots of the cell lysates (10%) and the incubation media (20%) were analysed by 15% SDS-PAGE and autoradiography.
Figure 3. Glycosylation and sulphation of POMC in hyperactive and basally active Xenopus melanotrope cells. A, Neurointermediate lobes (NILs) from black-adapted (BA) and white-adapted (WA) animals were pulse labelled with [35S]methionine/cysteine for 60 minutes and chased for two hours. The WA NILs were pulsed and chased in the presence of 10-6 M apomorphine to retain their basally active characteristics. NIL proteins were control treated (C) or deglycosylated with Peptidyl N-glycosidase F (PNGaseF; F) or Endoglycosidase H (EndoH; H), and subsequently analysed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. B, Newly synthesised proteins in NILs from BA (n = 12) and WA (n = 4) animals were double-labelled with [3H]lysine and [35S]sulphate for 15 minutes. The WA NIL proteins were labelled in the presence of 10-6 M apomorphine. NIL proteins (40% of the cell lysate) were separated by 12.5% SDS-PAGE and the relative amount of each label incorporated in newly synthesised 37 K POMC was determined. C, NIL proteins from BA and WA animals were labelled as in B, control treated (C) or deglycosylated with PNGaseF (F) or EndoH (H), and analysed by 12.5% SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. Data are shown as means +/- s.e.m.; **, p < 0.01.
Figure 4. Glycosylation of POMC in cycloheximide-treated melanotrope cells from black-adapted Xenopus. A, Neurointermediate lobes (NILs) from black-adapted Xenopus were pre-incubated, pulse labelled with [35S]methionine/cysteine for 30 minutes and chased for three hours in the absence (control) or presence of cycloheximide (Cyclohex.; drug concentrations indicated above the lanes). Since for the samples of the cycloheximide-treated NILs the intensities of the autoradiographic signals were relatively low, a larger part of the cycloheximide-treated NIL lysates than of the untreated NIL lysates was loaded (indicated below the lanes). The slightly reduced mobility of 37 K POMC in the sample treated with 1 μg/ml cycloheximide was due to a gel problem. B, NILs from black-adapted Xenopus were pre-incubated, pulsed and chased as in panel A in the absence or presence of the indicated concentration of cycloheximide. Aliquots (10%) of the lysates were control-treated (C) or deglycosylated with Peptidyl N-glycosidase F (PNGaseF; F) or Endoglycosidase H (EndoH; H), and analysed by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. To compensate for the reduced labelling in the presence of cycloheximide, the right panel was exposed twice as long as the left panel.
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