Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Development
2009 Aug 01;13616:2695-703. doi: 10.1242/dev.036327.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Xenopus oocytes reactivate muscle gene transcription in transplanted somatic nuclei independently of myogenic factors.
Biddle A
,
Simeoni I
,
Gurdon JB
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Transplantation into eggs or oocytes is an effective means of achieving the reprogramming of somatic cell nuclei. We ask here whether the provision of gene-specific transcription factors forms part of the mechanism by which a gene that is repressed in somatic cells is transcribed in oocytes. We find that M1 oocytes have an extremely strong transcription-inducing activity. They cause muscle genes of nuclei from non-muscle somatic cells, after injection into oocytes, to be transcribed to nearly the same extent as muscle genes in muscle cells. We show, surprisingly, that the myogenic factor MyoD and other known myogenic factors are not required to induce the transcription of muscle genes in a range of non-muscle somatic cell nuclei after transplantation to Xenopus oocytes. The overexpression of Id, a dominant-negative repressor of MyoD, prevents maternal MyoD from binding to its consensus sequences; nevertheless, muscle genes are activated in somatic nuclei to the same extent as without Id. We conclude that M1 oocytes can reprogram somatic nuclei in a different way to other experimental procedures: oocytes do not suppress the transcription of inappropriate genes and they activate a gene without the help of its known transcription factors. We suggest that these characteristics might be a special property of amphibian oocytes, and possibly of oocytes in general.
Azuara,
Chromatin signatures of pluripotent cell lines.
2006, Pubmed
Azuara,
Chromatin signatures of pluripotent cell lines.
2006,
Pubmed
Benezra,
The protein Id: a negative regulator of helix-loop-helix DNA binding proteins.
1990,
Pubmed
Bernstein,
A bivalent chromatin structure marks key developmental genes in embryonic stem cells.
2006,
Pubmed
Blau,
Cytoplasmic activation of human nuclear genes in stable heterocaryons.
1983,
Pubmed
Byrne,
Nuclei of adult mammalian somatic cells are directly reprogrammed to oct-4 stem cell gene expression by amphibian oocytes.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Carlsson,
Intracellular antigen migration in interspecific myoblast heterokaryons.
1974,
Pubmed
Charbonnier,
Two myogenin-related genes are differentially expressed in Xenopus laevis myogenesis and differ in their ability to transactivate muscle structural genes.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ciosk,
Translational regulators maintain totipotency in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline.
2006,
Pubmed
De Robertis,
Somatic nuclei in amphibian oocytes: evidence for selective gene expression.
1977,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Della Gaspera,
Spatio-temporal expression of MRF4 transcripts and protein during Xenopus laevis embryogenesis.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Eddy,
Gene expression during mammalian meiosis.
1998,
Pubmed
Efroni,
Global transcription in pluripotent embryonic stem cells.
2008,
Pubmed
GURDON,
The developmental capacity of nuclei taken from intestinal epithelium cells of feeding tadpoles.
1962,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gurdon,
Transcription of muscle-specific actin genes in early Xenopus development: nuclear transplantation and cell dissociation.
1984,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gurdon,
Muscle gene activation in Xenopus requires intercellular communication during gastrula as well as blastula stages.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Harvey,
The Xenopus MyoD gene: an unlocalised maternal mRNA predates lineage-restricted expression in the early embryo.
1990,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Humpherys,
Abnormal gene expression in cloned mice derived from embryonic stem cell and cumulus cell nuclei.
2002,
Pubmed
Jennings,
Expression of the myogenic gene MRF4 during Xenopus development.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kablar,
MyoD and Myf-5 differentially regulate the development of limb versus trunk skeletal muscle.
1997,
Pubmed
Kleene,
A possible meiotic function of the peculiar patterns of gene expression in mammalian spermatogenic cells.
2001,
Pubmed
Langlands,
Differential interactions of Id proteins with basic-helix-loop-helix transcription factors.
1997,
Pubmed
Lassar,
Functional activity of myogenic HLH proteins requires hetero-oligomerization with E12/E47-like proteins in vivo.
1991,
Pubmed
McKnight,
Expression of the herpes thymidine kinase gene in Xenopus laevis oocytes: an assay for the study of deletion mutants constructed in vitro.
1980,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Messenger,
Functional specificity of the Xenopus T-domain protein Brachyury is conferred by its ability to interact with Smad1.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nicolas,
Expression of myogenic regulatory factors during muscle development of Xenopus: myogenin mRNA accumulation is limited strictly to secondary myogenesis.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Pomerantz,
Nuclear reprogramming: a key to stem cell function in regenerative medicine.
2004,
Pubmed
Rashbass,
The DNA-binding protein E12 co-operates with XMyoD in the activation of muscle-specific gene expression in Xenopus embryos.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Rupp,
Ubiquitous MyoD transcription at the midblastula transition precedes induction-dependent MyoD expression in presumptive mesoderm of X. laevis.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Seydoux,
Pathway to totipotency: lessons from germ cells.
2006,
Pubmed
Surani,
Genetic and epigenetic regulators of pluripotency.
2007,
Pubmed
Takahashi,
Induction of pluripotent stem cells from adult human fibroblasts by defined factors.
2007,
Pubmed
Terranova,
Acquisition and extinction of gene expression programs are separable events in heterokaryon reprogramming.
2006,
Pubmed
Wakefield,
Cytoplasmic regulation of 5S RNA genes in nuclear-transplant embryos.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Weintraub,
Activation of muscle-specific genes in pigment, nerve, fat, liver, and fibroblast cell lines by forced expression of MyoD.
1989,
Pubmed
Weintraub,
The myoD gene family: nodal point during specification of the muscle cell lineage.
1991,
Pubmed
Wickens,
Post-transcriptional processing of simian virus 40 late transcripts in injected frog oocytes.
1983,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Zhou,
In vivo reprogramming of adult pancreatic exocrine cells to beta-cells.
2008,
Pubmed
