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XB-ART-40567
Dev Dyn.
December 1, 2009;
238
(12):
Characterization of molecular markers to assess cardiac cushions formation in Xenopus.
Abstract
The valves and septa of the mature heart are derived from the cardiac cushions, which develop from discrete swellings in two regions of developing heart tube: the atrioventricular (AV) canal and the ventricular outflow tract (OFT). In higher vertebrates, three distinct lineages contribute to the heart valves and septa, the endocardium, the myocardium, and the cardiac neural crest that will populate the cardiac jelly of the OFT. Very little is known about cardiac cushions development in amphibians. Here, we describe the expression of eight genes during key stages of cardiac cushion development in Xenopus. Among these genes, the Wnt antagonist Frzb1 and the transcription factors Xl-Fli, Sox8, Sox9, and Sox10 are differentially expressed in the mesenchyme of the OFT and AV cushions. These genes can be used in combination with lineage-tracing experiments to determine the embryonic origin of the cardiac cushions mesenchyme in Xenopus.
Pubmed Id:
19890915
Article link:
Dev Dyn.
Genes referenced:
bmp4
fli1
frzb
itk
msx1
nkx2-5
sox10
sox8
sox9
Antibodies referenced:
Article Images:
[+] show captions
Paper published
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Figure 1. Cardiac genes expression at stages 39, 40, 41, and 45 by whole-mount in situ hybridization. In all panels, a lateral view of the cardiac region is shown, anterior to right, dorsal to top. Blue and red arrows indicate the position of the OFT and AV valves, respectively. Scale bar = 100 mu m.
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Figure 3. Cardiac gene expression at stage 39 by in situ hybridization on section. Transverse and sagittal sections are at the level of the OFT and AV canal, respectively. A, G: Hematoxylin/eosin (H-E) stained sections. Bmp4 (B, H), Msx1 (C, I), and Nkx2.5 (D, J) are expressed in the myocardium while Sox9 (E, K) and Xl-Fli (F, L) are detected in the endocardium. CJ, cardiac jelly; E, endocardium; EMT, site of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation; L, liver; M, myocardium. Scale bar = 50 mu m.
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Figure 4. Cardiac gene expression at stage 41 by in situ hybridization on section. Transverse and sagittal sections are at the level of the OFT and AV canal, respectively. A, J: Hematoxylin/eosin (H-E) stained sections. Bmp4 (B, K), Msx1 (C, L), and Nkx2.5 (D, M) are expressed in the myocardium. Frzb1 (E, N), Sox8 (F, O), Sox9 (G, P), and Xl-Fli (I, R) are expressed in the mesenchyme of the OFT and AV cushions. Sox10 (H, Q) is weakly expressed in the OFT mesenchyme. AV, atrioventricular cushion; L, liver; OFT, outflow tract cushion; V, ventricle. Scale bar = 50 mu m.
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Figure 5. Cardiac genes expression at stage 45 by in situ hybridization on section. Transverse and sagittal sections are at the level of the OFT and AV canal, respectively. A,J: Hematoxylin/eosin (H-E) stained sections. Bmp4 (B, K), Msx1 (C, L), and Nkx2.5 (D, M) are expressed in the myocardium. Frzb1 (E, N), Sox8 (F, O), Sox9 (G, P), and Xl-Fli (I, R) are differentially expressed in the mesenchyme of the OFT and AV cushions. Sox10 (H, Q) is detected in the middle portion of the OFT cushion. A, atrium; AV, atrioventricular valve; OFT, outflow tract valve; V, ventricle. Scale bar = 50 mu m.
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[2.8.5]
