Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
J Biol Chem
2010 Jan 22;2854:2653-64. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.052068.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Rhesus glycoprotein p2 (Rhp2) is a novel member of the Rh family of ammonia transporters highly expressed in shark kidney.
Nakada T
,
Westhoff CM
,
Yamaguchi Y
,
Hyodo S
,
Li X
,
Muro T
,
Kato A
,
Nakamura N
,
Hirose S
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Rhesus (Rh) glycoproteins are a family of membrane proteins capable of transporting ammonia. We isolated the full-length cDNA of a novel Rh glycoprotein, Rhp2, from a kidney cDNA library from the banded hound shark, Triakis scyllium. Molecular cloning and characterization indicated that Rhp2 consists of 476 amino acid residues and has 12 putative transmembrane spans, consistent with the structure of other family members. The shark Rhp2 gene was found to consist of only one coding exon. Northern blotting and in situ hybridization revealed that Rhp2 mRNA is exclusively expressed in the renal tubules of the sinus zone but not in the bundle zone and renal corpuscles. Immunohistochemical staining with a specific antiserum showed that Rhp2 is localized in the basolateral membranes of renal tubule cells. Double fluorescence labeling with phalloidin or labeling of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase further narrowed the location to the second and fourth loops in the sinus zone. Vacuolar type H(+)-ATPase was localized in apical membranes of the Rhp2-expressing tubule cells. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis and Western blotting showed that expression of Rhp2 was increased in response to elevation of environmental salinity. Functional analysis using the Xenopus oocyte expression system showed that Rhp2 has transport activity for methylammonium, an analog of ammonia. This transport activity was inhibited by NH(4)Cl but not trimethylamine-N-oxide and urea. These results suggested that Rhp2 is involved in ammonia reabsorption in the kidney of the elasmobranch group of cartilaginous fish comprising the sharks and rays.
Althoff,
Na+ -D-glucose cotransporter in the kidney of Leucoraja erinacea: molecular identification and intrarenal distribution.
2007, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Althoff,
Na+ -D-glucose cotransporter in the kidney of Leucoraja erinacea: molecular identification and intrarenal distribution.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Althoff,
Na(+)-D-glucose cotransporter in the kidney of Squalus acanthias: molecular identification and intrarenal distribution.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Attmane-Elakeb,
Ammonium carriers in medullary thick ascending limb.
2001,
Pubmed
Bakouh,
NH3 is involved in the NH4+ transport induced by the functional expression of the human Rh C glycoprotein.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Benjelloun,
Expression of the human erythroid Rh glycoprotein (RhAG) enhances both NH3 and NH4+ transport in HeLa cells.
2005,
Pubmed
Biemesderfer,
Immunocytochemical studies of the Na-K-Cl cotransporter of shark kidney.
1996,
Pubmed
Biver,
A role for Rhesus factor Rhcg in renal ammonium excretion and male fertility.
2008,
Pubmed
Braun,
Nitrogen excretion in developing zebrafish (Danio rerio): a role for Rh proteins and urea transporters.
2009,
Pubmed
Cai,
Molecular characterization of a multidrug resistance-associated protein, Mrp2, from the little skate.
2003,
Pubmed
Deetjen,
The dissociation between renal HCO3- reabsorption and H+ secretion in the skate, Raja erinacea.
1974,
Pubmed
Endeward,
Red cell membrane CO2 permeability in normal human blood and in blood deficient in various blood groups, and effect of DIDS.
2006,
Pubmed
Endeward,
RhAG protein of the Rhesus complex is a CO2 channel in the human red cell membrane.
2008,
Pubmed
Good,
Ammonia and bicarbonate transport by thick ascending limb of rat kidney.
1984,
Pubmed
HODLER,
Urine pH and carbonic anhydrase activity in the marine dogfish.
1955,
Pubmed
Handlogten,
Basolateral ammonium transport by the mouse inner medullary collecting duct cell (mIMCD-3).
2004,
Pubmed
Hazon,
Urea based osmoregulation and endocrine control in elasmobranch fish with special reference to euryhalinity.
2003,
Pubmed
Hirata,
Mechanism of acid adaptation of a fish living in a pH 3.5 lake.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Huang,
New insights into the Rh superfamily of genes and proteins in erythroid cells and nonerythroid tissues.
2001,
Pubmed
Huang,
Evolutionary conservation and diversification of Rh family genes and proteins.
2005,
Pubmed
Hung,
Rhesus glycoprotein gene expression in the mangrove killifish Kryptolebias marmoratus exposed to elevated environmental ammonia levels and air.
2007,
Pubmed
Hung,
Rhesus glycoprotein and urea transporter genes are expressed in early stages of development of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
2008,
Pubmed
Hyodo,
A facilitative urea transporter is localized in the renal collecting tubule of the dogfish Triakis scyllia.
2004,
Pubmed
Hyodo,
Neurohypophysial hormones of dogfish, Triakis scyllium: structures and salinity-dependent secretion.
2004,
Pubmed
Ji,
CeRh1 (rhr-1) is a dominant Rhesus gene essential for embryonic development and hypodermal function in Caenorhabditis elegans.
2006,
Pubmed
King,
Renal ammoniagenesis and acid excretion in the dogfish, Squalus acanthias.
1983,
Pubmed
Kustu,
Biological gas channels for NH3 and CO2: evidence that Rh (Rhesus) proteins are CO2 channels.
2006,
Pubmed
Lacy,
The elasmobranch kidney. II. Sequence and structure of the nephrons.
1985,
Pubmed
Li,
Structure of the Nitrosomonas europaea Rh protein.
2007,
Pubmed
Liu,
Characterization of human RhCG and mouse Rhcg as novel nonerythroid Rh glycoprotein homologues predominantly expressed in kidney and testis.
2000,
Pubmed
Liu,
Rh type B glycoprotein is a new member of the Rh superfamily and a putative ammonia transporter in mammals.
2001,
Pubmed
Ludewig,
Electroneutral ammonium transport by basolateral rhesus B glycoprotein.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Mak,
Characterization of ammonia transport by the kidney Rh glycoproteins RhBG and RhCG.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Marini,
The human Rhesus-associated RhAG protein and a kidney homologue promote ammonium transport in yeast.
2000,
Pubmed
McDonald,
The physiology and evolution of urea transport in fishes.
2006,
Pubmed
Mistry,
Eel urea transporter is localized to chloride cells and is salinity dependent.
2001,
Pubmed
Musa-Aziz,
Relative CO2/NH3 selectivities of AQP1, AQP4, AQP5, AmtB, and RhAG.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nakada,
Roles of Slc13a1 and Slc26a1 sulfate transporters of eel kidney in sulfate homeostasis and osmoregulation in freshwater.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nakada,
Ammonia secretion from fish gill depends on a set of Rh glycoproteins.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nakada,
Localization of ammonia transporter Rhcg1 in mitochondrion-rich cells of yolk sac, gill, and kidney of zebrafish and its ionic strength-dependent expression.
2007,
Pubmed
Nawata,
Ammonia excretion in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): evidence for Rh glycoprotein and H+-ATPase involvement.
2007,
Pubmed
Nawata,
The effects of CO2 and external buffering on ammonia excretion and Rhesus glycoprotein mRNA expression in rainbow trout.
2008,
Pubmed
Quentin,
RhBG and RhCG, the putative ammonia transporters, are expressed in the same cells in the distal nephron.
2003,
Pubmed
Ripoche,
Human Rhesus-associated glycoprotein mediates facilitated transport of NH(3) into red blood cells.
2004,
Pubmed
Shih,
Ammonia excretion by the skin of zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae.
2008,
Pubmed
Soupene,
Lack of the Rhesus protein Rh1 impairs growth of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii at high CO2.
2004,
Pubmed
Soupene,
Rhesus expression in a green alga is regulated by CO(2).
2002,
Pubmed
Swenson,
Physiological and immunocytochemical evidence for a putative H-K-ATPase in elasmobranch renal acid secretion.
1994,
Pubmed
THORSON,
Partitioning of body fluids in the Lake Nicaragua shark and three marine sharks.
1962,
Pubmed
Tsui,
Ammonia transport in cultured gill epithelium of freshwater rainbow trout: the importance of Rhesus glycoproteins and the presence of an apical Na+/NH4+ exchange complex.
2009,
Pubmed
Verlander,
Localization of the ammonium transporter proteins RhBG and RhCG in mouse kidney.
2003,
Pubmed
Weihrauch,
Ammonia excretion in aquatic and terrestrial crabs.
2004,
Pubmed
Westhoff,
Identification of the erythrocyte Rh blood group glycoprotein as a mammalian ammonium transporter.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Westhoff,
Mechanism of genetic complementation of ammonium transport in yeast by human erythrocyte Rh-associated glycoprotein.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wood,
Ammonia and urea metabolism in relation to gill function and acid-base balance in a marine elasmobranch, the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias).
1995,
Pubmed
World Medical Association,
Guiding principles for research involving animals and human beings.
2002,
Pubmed
Yamaguchi,
Subcellular distribution of urea transporter in the collecting tubule of shark kidney is dependent on environmental salinity.
2009,
Pubmed