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The Yap and TAZ genes encode highly conserved domains which bind various transcription factors. Yap and TAZ act as transcriptional coactivators to modulate transcriptional activity. The activities of Yap and TAZ are negatively regulated by Hippo signaling via direct phosphorylation. In this study, we describe the expression patterns of Yap and TAZ during the development of Xenopus tropicalis. The Xenopus tropicalis Yap (xtYap) and Xenopus tropicalis TAZ (xtTAZ) genes are expressed maternally. xtYap is widely expressed throughout embryogenesis, particularly in the facial connective tissues, branchial arch, midbrain-hindbrain boundary, otic vesicle, pronephros, notochord, hindgut and tailbud. xtTAZ expression occurs predominantly in the presomitic mesoderm, facial connective tissues, brain, branchial arch, trunk neural crest cells and migrating hypaxial myoblasts. In the muscle lineage, xtTAZ expression is transient and restricted to proliferating cells, the presomitic mesoderm and the edges of the hypaxial myoblasts, with no expression detected in mature muscle cells. These results provide insights into the functions of Yap and TAZ and their regulation by Hippo signaling during early development in Xenopus.
Fig. 5. Spatial expression pattern of xtYap during the early develop- ment of Xenopus tropicalis. (A-K) Spatial expression of xtYap was ana- lyzed by whole-mount in situ hybrid- ization. Anterior is at the left of each panel. (A) Unfertilized egg, (B) 8-cell stage, (C) early gastrula, (G) tailbud stage, (H) late tailbud stage, and (I) tadpole stage in lateral view. (D) Late gastrula, (E) neurula stage, and (F) late neurula stage in dorsal view. (J) Transverse section of (E). (K) Trans- verse section of (G). The line position is indicated in (E,G). Scale bars, 50 m. Abbreviations: ba, branchial arch; ca, cloaca; cn, center of neural plate; fc, facial connective tissues; hg, hind- gut; mh, midbrain-hindbrain boundary; nc, neural crest; nt, notochord; ov, otic vesicle; ph, pronephros; sc, spinal cord; tb, tailbud.
Fig. 6. Spatial expression pattern of xtTAZ during the early development of Xeno- pus tropicalis. (A-N) Spatial expression of xtTAZ was analyzed by whole-mount in situ hybridization. Late neurula stage in (A) dor- sal view and (B) anterior view, (C) early tailbud stage, (E) tailbud stage, (F) late tailbud stage, and (G) tadpole stage in lat- eral view. (D) Transverse section of (A). (H, J, K) Transverse section of (E). (I, M) Trans- verse section of (F). The line position is indicated in (E-G). (L) Higher magnification of (K). (N) Higher magnification of (M). The box position is indicated in (K,M). Scale bars, 50 m. Abbreviations: ba, branchial arch; fm, facial musculature; hb, hindbrain; ht, heart; hm, hypaxial myoblasts; mh, mid- brain-hindbrain boundary; nt, notochord; pm, paraxial mesoderm; ps, presomitic meso- derm; sc, spinal cord; so, somite.
wwtr1 (WW domain containing transcription regulator 1) gene expression in Xenopus tropicalis embryos, NF stage 20, as assayed by in situ hybridization, lateral view, anteriorleft, dorsal up.
wwtr1 (WW domain containing transcription regulator 1) gene expression in Xenopus tropicalis embryos, NF stage 35, as assayed by in situ hybridization, lateral view, anteriorleft, dorsal up.
wwtr1 (WW domain containing transcription regulator 1) gene expression in Xenopus tropicalis embryos, NF stage 40, as assayed by in situ hybridization, lateral view, anteriorleft, dorsal up.
yap1 (Yes associated protein 1) gene expression in Xenopus tropicalis embryos, NF stage 4 (8 cell), assayed by in situ hybridization, lateral view.
yap1 (Yes-associated protein 1 ) gene expression in Xenopus tropicalis embryos, NF stage 20, as assayed by in situ hybridization. Lateral view: anteriorleft, dorsal up.
yap1 (Yes-associated protein 1) gene expression in Xenopus tropicalis embryos, NF stage 35, as assayed by in situ hybridization, lateral view, anteriorleft, dorsal up.
