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Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 1 (CDK1) is the major M-phase kinase known also as the M-phase Promoting Factor or MPF. Studies performed during the last decade have shown many details of how CDK1 is regulated and also how it regulates the cell cycle progression. Xenopus laevis cell-free extracts were widely used to elucidate the details and to obtain a global view of the role of CDK1 in M-phase control. CDK1 inactivation upon M-phase exit is a primordial process leading to the M-phase/interphase transition during the cell cycle. Here we discuss two closely related aspects of CDK1 regulation in Xenopus laevis cell-free extracts: firstly, how CDK1 becomes inactivated and secondly, how other actors, like kinases and phosphatases network and/or specific inhibitors, cooperate with CDK1 inactivation to assure timely exit from the M-phase.
Figure 1. Regulation of Emi2 association with APC/CCdc20. Phosphorylation sites in the upper part of Emi2 are inhibitory for the association and are protected during MII arrest (green arrows and symbols of inhibition), while the sites in the bottom part of Emi2 are activatory for the association and the CSF-arrest exit (red arrows).
Figure 2. Canonical pathway of CDK1/cyclin B inhibition.
Figure 3. Hypothesis of alternative pathways involvement during CDK1/cyclin B dissociation.
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