Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Immunogenetics
2012 Aug 01;648:571-90. doi: 10.1007/s00251-012-0616-2.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Evolution of the B7 family: co-evolution of B7H6 and NKp30, identification of a new B7 family member, B7H7, and of B7's historical relationship with the MHC.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The B7 family of genes is essential in the regulation of the adaptive immune system. Most B7 family members contain both variable (V)- and constant (C)-type domains of the immunoglobulin superfamily (IgSF). Through in silico screening of the Xenopus genome and subsequent phylogenetic analysis, we found novel genes belonging to the B7 family, one of which is the recently discovered B7H6. Humans and rats have a single B7H6 gene; however, many B7H6 genes were detected in a single large cluster in the Xenopus genome. The B7H6 expression patterns also varied in a species-specific manner. Human B7H6 binds to the activating natural killer receptor, NKp30. While the NKp30 gene is single-copy and maps to the MHC in most vertebrates, many Xenopus NKp30 genes were found in a cluster on a separate chromosome that does not harbor the MHC. Indeed, in all species so far analyzed from sharks to mammals, the number of NKp30 and B7H6 genes correlates well, suggestive of receptor-ligand co-evolution. Furthermore, we identified a Xenopus-specific B7 homolog (B7HXen) and revealed its close linkage to B2M, which we have demonstrated previously to have been originally encoded in the MHC. Thus, our study provides further proof that the B7 precursor was included in the proto MHC. Additionally, the comparative analysis revealed a new B7 family member, B7H7, which was previously designated in the literature as an unknown gene, HHLA2.
Allcock,
The human TREM gene cluster at 6p21.1 encodes both activating and inhibitory single IgV domain receptors and includes NKp44.
2003, Pubmed
Allcock,
The human TREM gene cluster at 6p21.1 encodes both activating and inhibitory single IgV domain receptors and includes NKp44.
2003,
Pubmed
Baratin,
[B7-H6 : a novel alert signal for NK cells].
2010,
Pubmed
Bartl,
Molecular evolution of the vertebrate immune system.
1994,
Pubmed
Bartl,
Identification of class I genes in cartilaginous fish, the most ancient group of vertebrates displaying an adaptive immune response.
1997,
Pubmed
Belov,
Characterization of the opossum immune genome provides insights into the evolution of the mammalian immune system.
2007,
Pubmed
Brandt,
The B7 family member B7-H6 is a tumor cell ligand for the activating natural killer cell receptor NKp30 in humans.
2009,
Pubmed
Callahan,
Anti-CTLA-4 antibody therapy: immune monitoring during clinical development of a novel immunotherapy.
2010,
Pubmed
Cantoni,
NKp44, a triggering receptor involved in tumor cell lysis by activated human natural killer cells, is a novel member of the immunoglobulin superfamily.
1999,
Pubmed
Collette,
A co-evolution perspective of the TNFSF and TNFRSF families in the immune system.
2003,
Pubmed
Collins,
The B7 family of immune-regulatory ligands.
2005,
Pubmed
Courtet,
Major histocompatibility complex and immunoglobulin loci visualized by in situ hybridization on Xenopus chromosomes.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Delahaye,
Alternatively spliced NKp30 isoforms affect the prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumors.
2011,
Pubmed
Dinesh,
PD-1, gender, and autoimmunity.
2010,
Pubmed
Du Pasquier,
Several MHC-linked Ig superfamily genes have features of ancestral antigen-specific receptor genes.
2002,
Pubmed
Du Pasquier,
Immunoglobulin superfamily receptors in protochordates: before RAG time.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Du Pasquier,
Fish 'n' TRIMs.
2009,
Pubmed
Fahrer,
A genomic view of immunology.
2001,
Pubmed
Flajnik,
A novel type of class I gene organization in vertebrates: a large family of non-MHC-linked class I genes is expressed at the RNA level in the amphibian Xenopus.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Flajnik,
Origin and evolution of the adaptive immune system: genetic events and selective pressures.
2010,
Pubmed
Greenwald,
The B7 family revisited.
2005,
Pubmed
Hansen,
The B7 family of immunoregulatory receptors: a comparative and evolutionary perspective.
2009,
Pubmed
Haruta,
Variable domains in hagfish: NICIR is a polymorphic multigene family expressed preferentially in leukocytes and is related to lamprey TCR-like.
2006,
Pubmed
Hellsten,
The genome of the Western clawed frog Xenopus tropicalis.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Henry,
Structure and evolution of the extended B7 family.
1999,
Pubmed
Hollyoake,
NKp30 (NCR3) is a pseudogene in 12 inbred and wild mouse strains, but an expressed gene in Mus caroli.
2005,
Pubmed
Joyce,
Crystal structure of human natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp30 and identification of its ligand binding site.
2011,
Pubmed
Kaifu,
B7-H6/NKp30 interaction: a mechanism of alerting NK cells against tumors.
2011,
Pubmed
Kaufman,
The chicken B locus is a minimal essential major histocompatibility complex.
1999,
Pubmed
Keir,
PD-1 and its ligands in tolerance and immunity.
2008,
Pubmed
Khokha,
Rapid gynogenetic mapping of Xenopus tropicalis mutations to chromosomes.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kock,
A novel immunoglobulin-like transcript from rainbow trout with two Ig-like domains and two isoforms.
2008,
Pubmed
Krylov,
Localization of the single copy gene Mdh2 on Xenopus tropicalis chromosomes by FISH-TSA.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Li,
Structure of the human activating natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp30 bound to its tumor cell ligand B7-H6.
2011,
Pubmed
Linsley,
Extending the B7 (CD80) gene family.
1994,
Pubmed
Loos,
B7-h3 and its role in antitumor immunity.
2010,
Pubmed
Mager,
Endogenous retroviruses provide the primary polyadenylation signal for two new human genes (HHLA2 and HHLA3).
1999,
Pubmed
Meyer,
From 2R to 3R: evidence for a fish-specific genome duplication (FSGD).
2005,
Pubmed
Mácha,
Xstir polymorphism and absence of sex linkage in Xenopus laevis ME2 gene.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ohta,
Primordial linkage of β2-microglobulin to the MHC.
2011,
Pubmed
Ohta,
Identification and genetic mapping of Xenopus TAP2 genes.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ohta,
Ancestral organization of the MHC revealed in the amphibian Xenopus.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Page,
TreeView: an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers.
1996,
Pubmed
Pende,
Identification and molecular characterization of NKp30, a novel triggering receptor involved in natural cytotoxicity mediated by human natural killer cells.
1999,
Pubmed
Postlethwait,
Subfunction partitioning, the teleost radiation and the annotation of the human genome.
2004,
Pubmed
Postlethwait,
The zebrafish genome in context: ohnologs gone missing.
2007,
Pubmed
Reeves,
The costimulatory genes Cd80 and Cd86 are linked on mouse chromosome 16 and human chromosome 3.
1997,
Pubmed
Saitou,
The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees.
1987,
Pubmed
Selvakumar,
Genomic organization and chromosomal location of the human gene encoding the B-lymphocyte activation antigen B7.
1992,
Pubmed
Sodergren,
The genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus.
2006,
Pubmed
Steinberger,
Molecular characterization of human 4Ig-B7-H3, a member of the B7 family with four Ig-like domains.
2004,
Pubmed
Stet,
Novel immunoglobulin-like transcripts in teleost fish encode polymorphic receptors with cytoplasmic ITAM or ITIM and a new structural Ig domain similar to the natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp44.
2005,
Pubmed
Stewart,
Cloning and characterization of Xenopus beta2-microglobulin.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sun,
Characterization of mouse and human B7-H3 genes.
2002,
Pubmed
Tamura,
MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0.
2007,
Pubmed
Thompson,
New insights into V(D)J recombination and its role in the evolution of the immune system.
1995,
Pubmed
Venkatesh,
Survey sequencing and comparative analysis of the elephant shark (Callorhinchus milii) genome.
2007,
Pubmed
Vogel,
Frog is a prince of a new model organism.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wang,
VISTA, a novel mouse Ig superfamily ligand that negatively regulates T cell responses.
2011,
Pubmed
Wells,
A genetic map of Xenopus tropicalis.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Williams,
The immunoglobulin superfamily--domains for cell surface recognition.
1988,
Pubmed
Yoder,
The phylogenetic origins of natural killer receptors and recognition: relationships, possibilities, and realities.
2011,
Pubmed
Zhang,
Conservation of structural and functional features in a primordial CD80/86 molecule from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a primitive teleost fish.
2009,
Pubmed
Zou,
Inhibitory B7-family molecules in the tumour microenvironment.
2008,
Pubmed
Zucchetti,
Origin and evolution of the vertebrate leukocyte receptors: the lesson from tunicates.
2009,
Pubmed
Østergaard,
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) possess multiple novel immunoglobulin-like transcripts containing either an ITAM or ITIMs.
2009,
Pubmed
