Pegoraro C et al. (2013), Pfkfb (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bi...

XB-ART-46973

Gene Expr Patterns 2013 Oct 01;137:203-11. doi: 10.1016/j.gep.2013.04.002.

Show Gene links Show Anatomy links

Pfkfb (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase) isoforms display a tissue-specific and dynamic expression during Xenopus laevis development.

Pegoraro C , Maczkowiak F , Monsoro-Burq AH .

???displayArticle.abstract???
Pfkfb (6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase) enzymes are bi-functional enzymes encoded by four different genes (pfkfb1, pfkfb2, pfkfb3, pfkfb4) in vertebrates. They are involved in the regulation of glycolysis: they catalyze the synthesis and the degradation of F-2,6-BP (fructose-2,6-bisphosphate), the most potent allosteric activator of phosphofructokinase 1 (Pfk1), a key glycolytic enzyme. By producing F-2,6-BP, Pfkfb enzymes allow glycolysis to proceed, while by degrading F-2,6-BP they block glycolysis. As major regulators of glycolysis, Pfkfb enzymes are involved in cancer: tumor cells have a higher glycolytic rate compared to normal cells, even in the presence of adequate oxygen levels (Warburg effect) and several cancer cell lines express elevated levels of Pfkfb enzymes. Glycolysis is also important for energy and metabolite production in proliferating cells. In embryos, however, the role of glycolysis and the expression of glycolysis regulators remain to be explored. Here, we provide a phylogenetic analysis of Pfkfb enzymes in vertebrates, and we detail the expression pattern of pfk1, pfkfb1, pfkfb2, pfkfb3, and pfkfb4 genes in Xenopus laevis embryos. We show that pfkfb transcripts expression is overlapping at blastula and gastrula stages and that from neurulation to tadpole stages, they display tissue-specific, complementary and dynamic expression patterns.

???displayArticle.pubmedLink??? 23623824
???displayArticle.link??? Gene Expr Patterns

Species referenced: Xenopus laevis
Genes referenced: pfkfb1 pfkfb2 pfkfb3 pfkfb4 pfkm pfkp

???attribute.lit??? ???displayArticles.show???

	Fig. 2. Pfk1 spatiotemporal expression pattern in Xenopus laevis embryos. Pfk1 expression was analysed by WISH in embryos from the blastula stage 9 until the tailbud stage 22. Expression was observed at cleavage and gastrulation stages (see sense probe staining in Supplemental Fig. 2). Increased expression was observed during later development, notably in the dorsal tissues. (A) Stage 9 blastula embryo shown in lateral view, animal pole on the right; (B) Embryos at gastrula stage 10, 5 and 12 shown in lateral view, dorsal on top (white arrows indicate the blastopore lip); (D) Embryos at neurula stages 14 and 18 shown in dorsal view, anterior on the bottom (red arrows indicate the neural plate and yellow arrows the neural crest and the preplacodal field). (F) Stage 22 tailbud embryo shown in lateral view, anterior on the right (red arrow indicates the dorsal side of the embryo; yellow arrows indicate the prospective craniofacial region). Bar = 1 mm.
	Fig. 4. Pfkfb genes expression patterns during early Xenopus laevis development. WISH is shown for embryos at blastula stage 9 (A) (lateral view, animal pole to the right), at gastrula stage 10, 5 and 12 (I) (lateral view, anterior to the right) and at neurula stage 14 (Q) (dorsal view, anterior to the right). Embryos stained with control sense probes are shown for stage 9 (A) and stage 14 (Q). Yellow arrowheads indicate the dorsal blastopore lip and red arrows indicate the blastopore. Bar = 1 mm.
	Fig. 5. Pfkfb genes expression patterns during late Xenopus laevis development. The four pfkfb genes are analysed at tailbud stage 22 (A0), at young tadpole stage 26 (E-H) and at swimming tadpole stage 40 (I0 ). Embryos stained with a control sense probe are shown in A0 0 and I0 0 . All the embryos are shown in a lateral view, anterior to the right. Magnification of stage 40 heads are shown in Supplemental Fig. 4. Arrows indicate the level of the transverse section shown in Fig. 6. Bar = 1 mm.
	Fig. 6. Transverse sections at tadpole stages indicate tissue specific pfkfb gene expression. Transverse sections of embryos at tadpole stages 26 and 40 have been performed after a WISH for pfkfb1 (A, E), 2 (B,F), 3 (C, G) and 4 (D, H). Arrow 1 indicates the neural tube, arrow 2 indicates the somites, arrow 3 indicates the notochord, arrow 4 indicates the pronephros, arrow 5 indicates the ectoderm, arrow 6 shows the dorsal fin. E0 0 show sense probe controls. Bar = 200 lm.
	pfkfb1 ( 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 1 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 9, as assayed by in situ hybridization, anterior top.
	pfkfb1 ( 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 1 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 10.5, as assayed by in situ hybridization, anterior top.
	pfkfb1 ( 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 1 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 14, as assayed by in situ hybridization, dorsal view, anterior left.
	pfkfb1 ( 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 1 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 22, as assayed by in situ hybridization, lateral view, anterior left.
	pfkfb1 ( 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 1 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 26, as assayed by in situ hybridization, lateral view, anterior left.
	pfkfb1 ( 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 1 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 40, as assayed by in situ hybridization, lateral view, anterior left.
	pfkfb2 ( 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 9, as assayed by in situ hybridization, animal top.
	pfkfb2 ( 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 26, as assayed by in situ hybridization, lateral view, anterior left.
	pfkfb2 ( 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 40, as assayed by in situ hybridization, lateral view, anterior left.
	pfkfb3 ( 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 9, as assayed by in situ hybridization, animal top.
	pfkfb3 ( 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 12, as assayed by in situ hybridization, animal top.
	pfkfb3 ( 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 14, as assayed by in situ hybridization, animal right.
	pfkfb3 ( 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 22, as assayed by in situ hybridization, lateral view, anterior left.
	pfkfb3 ( 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 26, as assayed by in situ hybridization, lateral view, anterior left.
	pfkfb3 ( 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 40, as assayed by in situ hybridization, lateral view, anterior left.
	pfkfb4 ( 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 9, as assayed by in situ hybridization, animal top.
	pfkfb4 ( 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 10.5, as assayed by in situ hybridization, animal top.
	pfkfb4 ( 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 14, as assayed by in situ hybridization, dorsal view, anterior right.
	pfkfb4 ( 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 22, as assayed by in situ hybridization, lateral view, anterior left.
	pfkfb4 ( 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 26, as assayed by in situ hybridization, lateral view, anterior left.
	pfkfb4 ( 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 4 ) gene expression in Xenopus laevis embryos, NF stage 40, as assayed by in situ hybridization, lateral view, anterior left.
	Supplementary Fig. 2. Pfk1 expression pattern in Xenopus laevis embryos. Pfk1 expression is shown in X. laevis embryos from blastula stage 9 until tailbud stage 22. A sense probe control (A-C, G-I) and an antisense probe staining (D-F, J-L) are shown at each stage of development. (A-F) Embryos are shown in lateral view, animal pole on the right (A, D) or dorsal on top (B, C, E, F). (G, H, J, K) Embryos are shown in dorsal view, anterior on the bottom. (I, L) Embryos are shown in lateral view, anterior on the right. White arrows (B, C, E, F) indicate the blastopore lip. Red arrows (J, K) indicate the neural plate and (L) the dorsal side of the embryo. Yellow arrows (J, K) indicate the neural crest and the preplacodal field and (L) the prospective craniofacial region. Bar = 1 mm
	Supplementary Fig. 3. Pfkfb2 expression pattern in early X. laevis embryos. Pfkfb2 expression pattern is shown at stage 9 (A) (animal pole views), stage 12 (B, dorsal views, posterior to the left) and stage 14 (C) (dorsal views, posterior to the left). Embryos stained with sense (bottom) and anti-sense (top) probe are compared.
	Supplementary Fig. 4. Pfkfb genes expression in the head and eye of X. laevis tadpoles. Transverse sections at eye level are shown for tadpole embryos at stage 40. Vibratome sections were cut from embryos stained with antisense (A, C, E, G) and sense (B, D, F, H) probes. Arrows indicate the expression in head mesenchyme. No expression was observed with control sense probe, while low level expression was seen for pfkfb2-4 and high expression for pfkfb1.