Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
2014 Dec 09;11149:E5243-51. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1419997111.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
A model for the generation and interconversion of ER morphologies.
Shemesh T
,
Klemm RW
,
Romano FB
,
Wang S
,
Vaughan J
,
Zhuang X
,
Tukachinsky H
,
Kozlov MM
,
Rapoport TA
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The peripheral endoplasmic reticulum (ER) forms different morphologies composed of tubules and sheets. Proteins such as the reticulons shape the ER by stabilizing the high membrane curvature in cross-sections of tubules and sheet edges. Here, we show that membrane curvature along the edge lines is also critical for ER shaping. We describe a theoretical model that explains virtually all observed ER morphologies. The model is based on two types of curvature-stabilizing proteins that generate either straight or negatively curved edge lines (R- and S-type proteins). Dependent on the concentrations of R- and S-type proteins, membrane morphologies can be generated that consist of tubules, sheets, sheet fenestrations, and sheet stacks with helicoidal connections. We propose that reticulons 4a/b are representatives of R-type proteins that favor tubules and outer edges of sheets. Lunapark is an example of S-type proteins that promote junctions between tubules and sheets. In a tubular ER network, lunapark stabilizes three-way junctions, i.e., small triangular sheets with concave edges. The model agrees with experimental observations and explains how curvature-stabilizing proteins determine ER morphology.
Anderson,
Reshaping of the endoplasmic reticulum limits the rate for nuclear envelope formation.
2008, Pubmed
Anderson,
Reshaping of the endoplasmic reticulum limits the rate for nuclear envelope formation.
2008,
Pubmed
Chen,
ER network formation requires a balance of the dynamin-like GTPase Sey1p and the Lunapark family member Lnp1p.
2012,
Pubmed
Chen,
ER structure and function.
2013,
Pubmed
Du,
Dynamics and inheritance of the endoplasmic reticulum.
2004,
Pubmed
Friedman,
ER sliding dynamics and ER-mitochondrial contacts occur on acetylated microtubules.
2010,
Pubmed
Friedman,
The ER in 3D: a multifunctional dynamic membrane network.
2011,
Pubmed
Goyal,
Untangling the web: mechanisms underlying ER network formation.
2013,
Pubmed
Helfrich,
Elastic properties of lipid bilayers: theory and possible experiments.
1973,
Pubmed
Hu,
Membrane proteins of the endoplasmic reticulum induce high-curvature tubules.
2008,
Pubmed
Hu,
A class of dynamin-like GTPases involved in the generation of the tubular ER network.
2009,
Pubmed
Huang,
Three-dimensional super-resolution imaging by stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy.
2008,
Pubmed
Joensuu,
ER sheet persistence is coupled to myosin 1c-regulated dynamic actin filament arrays.
2014,
Pubmed
Kvilekval,
Bisque: a platform for bioimage analysis and management.
2010,
Pubmed
Lee,
Dynamic behavior of endoplasmic reticulum in living cells.
1988,
Pubmed
Lu,
Cisternal organization of the endoplasmic reticulum during mitosis.
2009,
Pubmed
Lu,
Formation of the postmitotic nuclear envelope from extended ER cisternae precedes nuclear pore assembly.
2011,
Pubmed
Luckey,
Memory T and memory B cells share a transcriptional program of self-renewal with long-term hematopoietic stem cells.
2006,
Pubmed
Markin,
Lateral organization of membranes and cell shapes.
1981,
Pubmed
Moriya,
Protein N-myristoylation plays a critical role in the endoplasmic reticulum morphological change induced by overexpression of protein Lunapark, an integral membrane protein of the endoplasmic reticulum.
2013,
Pubmed
Oertle,
Nogo and its paRTNers.
2003,
Pubmed
Orso,
Homotypic fusion of ER membranes requires the dynamin-like GTPase atlastin.
2009,
Pubmed
Poteryaev,
Involvement of the actin cytoskeleton and homotypic membrane fusion in ER dynamics in Caenorhabditis elegans.
2005,
Pubmed
Prinz,
Mutants affecting the structure of the cortical endoplasmic reticulum in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
2000,
Pubmed
Puhka,
Endoplasmic reticulum remains continuous and undergoes sheet-to-tubule transformation during cell division in mammalian cells.
2007,
Pubmed
Puhka,
Progressive sheet-to-tubule transformation is a general mechanism for endoplasmic reticulum partitioning in dividing mammalian cells.
2012,
Pubmed
Shibata,
Rough sheets and smooth tubules.
2006,
Pubmed
Shibata,
The reticulon and DP1/Yop1p proteins form immobile oligomers in the tubular endoplasmic reticulum.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shibata,
Mechanisms shaping the membranes of cellular organelles.
2009,
Pubmed
Shibata,
Mechanisms determining the morphology of the peripheral ER.
2010,
Pubmed
Terasaki,
Stacked endoplasmic reticulum sheets are connected by helicoidal membrane motifs.
2013,
Pubmed
Vaughan,
Phosphine quenching of cyanine dyes as a versatile tool for fluorescence microscopy.
2013,
Pubmed
Voeltz,
A class of membrane proteins shaping the tubular endoplasmic reticulum.
2006,
Pubmed
Wang,
Multiple mechanisms determine ER network morphology during the cell cycle in Xenopus egg extracts.
2013,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase