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31402023 National Natural Science Foundation of China, 31572331 National Natural Science Foundation of China, 142300410019 Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province
Figure 1. Electroantennogram (EAG) responses of mated Helicoverpa assulta female to eight volatile compounds from Nicotiana tabacum plants. Different lowercase letters represent the significances of the EAG response to different compounds at the same dose of 10 μg at the 0.01 level. Error bars indicate SEM (n = 8).
Figure 2. Egg‐laying preferences of female Helicoverpa assulta to eight odours at concentrations of 0.001 and 0.01 Mol L−1. An oviposition preference index (OPI) was calculated after 72 h of the assay. Error bars indicate SEM (n = 6–9). The OPI differences for the eight compounds were analysed (one‐way ANOVA followed by Student–Newman–Keuls test, P < 0.05).
Figure 3. Response profiles of the distinct odorant receptor neurons (ORNs) housed in three types (I, II and III) of short basiconic sensilla (SB) on the antenna of mated Helicoverpa assulta females with 1 mg stimulation. The three neurons housed in each sensilla type were named A, B and C. The responses of ORN A in type I were 115 ± 33 spikes s−1 for nonanal and 45 ± 18 spikes s−1 for heptanal. The ORN A in type II was activated by nonanal and heptanal with responses of 24 ± 6 and 15 ± 5 spikes s−1, respectively, and the responses of ORN B were 37 ± 7 for nonanal, 58 ± 16 for heptanal, 27 ± 5 for solanone and 18 ± 5 spikes s−1 for nicotine. ORN B in type III was activated by nonanal and heptanal with responses of 32 ± 4 and 27 ± 4 spikes s−1, respectively. The red bold line represents 0.3 s odorant stimulation. Error bars indicate SEM (n = 2–7).
Figure 4. Response profiles of the distinct odorant receptor neurons (ORNs) housed in the four types of long basiconic sensilla (LB) on the antennae of mated Helicoverpa assulta females to the test compounds. Type I, II and III each housed three neurons (ORN A, B and C). The responses of ORN A in type I were 74 ± 11 spikes s−1 for nonanal and 33 ± 12 spikes s−1 for heptanal. For ORN A in type II, 78 ± 15, 40 ± 11 and 36 ± 7 spikes s−1 were induced by nonanal, heptanal and solanone, respectively. For ORN A in type III, the responses were 43 ± 17 spikes s−1 for nonanal and 23 ± 5 spikes s−1 for heptanal. Type IV housed two neurons (ORN A and B). The responses of ORN A to nonanal were 45 ± 3 spikes s−1, and those to heptanal, solanone and nicotine were 20 ± 2, 26 ± 2 and 10 ± 2 spikes s−1, respectively. The red bold line represents 0.3 s odorant stimulation. Error bars indicate SEM (n = 2–64).
Figure 5. Response profile of HassOR67/Orco to four active tobacco volatiles at a concentration of 1× 10−4 Mol L−1 (A and B) and the dose–response curve of HassOR67/Orco expressed in Xenopus oocytes stimulated by nonanal with a range of concentrations (1 × 10−7 to 1 × 10−3
m) with an EC50 value of 8.486 × 10−6
m (C and D). Inward current responses of HassOR67/Orco (A) and tuning curves of HassOR67/Orco (B) to nonanal, heptanal, solanone and nicotine from Nicotiana tabacum. The responses activated by the four odorants were significantly different at the 0.01 level (n = 7) (B). Error bars indicate SEM (n = 8).
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