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Sci Rep
2020 Jun 09;101:9328. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-66322-0.
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9.4 MHz A-line rate optical coherence tomography at 1300 nm using a wavelength-swept laser based on stretched-pulse active mode-locking.
Kim TS
,
Joo J
,
Shin I
,
Shin P
,
Kang WJ
,
Vakoc BJ
,
Oh WY
.
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In optical coherence tomography (OCT), high-speed systems based at 1300 nm are among the most broadly used. Here, we present 9.4 MHz A-line rate OCT system at 1300 nm. A wavelength-swept laser based on stretched-pulse active mode locking (SPML) provides a continuous and linear-in-wavenumber sweep from 1240 nm to 1340 nm, and the OCT system using this light source provides a sensitivity of 98 dB and a single-sided 6-dB roll-off depth of 2.5 mm. We present new capabilities of the 9.4 MHz SPML-OCT system in three microscopy applications. First, we demonstrate high quality OCTA imaging at a rate of 1.3 volumes/s. Second, by utilizing its inherent phase stable characteristics, we present wide dynamic range en face Doppler OCT imaging with multiple time intervals ranging from 0.25 ms to 2.0 ms at a rate of 0.53 volumes/s. Third, we demonstrate video-rate 4D microscopic imaging of a beating Xenopus embryoheart at a rate of 30 volumes/s. This high-speed and high-performance OCT system centered at 1300 nm suggests that it can be one of the most promising high-speed OCT platforms enabling a wide range of new scientific research, industrial, and clinical applications at speeds of 10 MHz.
Figure 1. SPML laser design and performance. (a) Schematic of the SPML laser at 1300 nm. IM, intensity modulator; PG, pulse generator; PC, Polarization controller; CFBG, chirped fiber Bragg grating; SOA, semiconductor optical amplifier; FRM, Faraday rotating mirror; DL, delay line. (b) Laser trace. (c) Optical spectrum. (d) Unwrapped fringe phase measured with a partial reflector in the sample arm (Inset: Deviation of fringe phase from a linear fit). (e) Relative group delay over a single cavity roundtrip. (f) Measured RIN.
Figure 2. OCT system configuration. (a) Configuration of the OCT system. (b) A schematic of the sample arm optics for OCTA and Doppler OCT imaging of a rat brain. (c) A schematic of the sample arm optics for video-rate 3D OCT imaging of a beating Xenopus embryoheart.
Figure 3. A depth-projected en face OCTA image of a rat brain with depth encoded in color acquired at 1.3 OCTA volumes per second. Scale bar: 250 μm.
Figure 4. Wide dynamic range Doppler OCT imaging of a rat brain. En face projections of the axial blood flow speed in (a) linear scale and (b) logarithmic scale. En face projections of the magnitude of the axial blood flow speed in (c) linear scale and (d) logarithmic scale. (e) En face projections of the axial blood flow speed and the magnitude of the axial blood flow speed obtained with a single time interval of 0.25 ms. (f) An en face projection of the mean complex decorrelation obtained with the same six time intervals used in the wide dynamic range Doppler OCT. Scale bar: 250 μm.
Figure 5. Video-rate 3D OCT imaging of a beating Xenopus embryoheart. 3D volume rendered (a) coronal, (b) axial, and (c) sagittal views of the embryoheart. v, ventricle; t, truncus arteriosus; a, atrium; arrows, blood cells; arrow heads, spiral valves; circles, aortic arches; star, atrioventricular valve. Scale bar: 100 μm. Real time videos are provided in Supplement.
Figure 6. Data processing schema for the SPML-based OCT system.
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