XB-ART-57766
Sci Rep
January 27, 2021;
11
(1):
2290.
The carboxy terminal coiled-coil modulates Orai1 internalization during meiosis.
Hodeify R
,
Dib M
,
Alcantara-Adap E
,
Courjaret R
,
Nader N
,
Reyes CZ
,
Hammad AS
,
Hubrack S
,
Yu F
,
Machaca K
.
Abstract
Regulation of Ca2+ signaling is critical for the progression of cell division, especially during meiosis to prepare the
egg for fertilization. The primary Ca2+ influx pathway in oocytes is Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry (SOCE). SOCE is tightly regulated during meiosis, including internalization of the SOCE channel,
Orai1.
Orai1 is a four-pass membrane protein with cytosolic N- and C-termini.
Orai1 internalization requires a caveolin binding motif (CBM) in the N-terminus as well as the C-terminal cytosolic domain. However, the molecular determinant for
Orai1 endocytosis in the C-terminus are not known. Here we show that the
Orai1 C-terminus modulates
Orai1 endocytosis during meiosis through a structural motif that is based on the strength of the C-terminal intersubunit coiled coil (CC) domains. Deletion mutants show that a minimal C-terminal sequence after transmembrane domain 4 (residues 260-275) supports
Orai1 internalization. We refer to this region as the C-terminus Internalization Handle (CIH). Access to CIH however is dependent on the strength of the intersubunit CC. Mutants that increase the stability of the coiled coil prevent internalization independent of specific mutation. We further used human and Xenopus Orai isoforms with different propensity to form C-terminal CC and show a strong correlation between the strength of the CC and Orai internalization. Furthermore,
Orai1 internalization does not depend on
clathrin, flotillin or PIP2. Collectively these results argue that
Orai1 internalization requires both the N-terminal CBM and C-terminal CIH where access to CIH is controlled by the strength of intersubunit C-terminal CC.
PubMed ID:
33504898
Article link:
Sci Rep
Grant support:
[+]
BMRP Qatar Foundation
Species referenced:
Xenopus laevis
Genes referenced:
ano1
clca1.3
cltc
etf1
flot1
orai1
orai2
rab5a
stim1
tf
GO keywords:
store-operated calcium entry
[+]
Article Images:
[+] show captions
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Figure 1. Internalization of Orai1 C-terminal truncations. (A) Cartoon of Orai1 with the C-terminus cytoplasmic domain highlighted (red) with its corresponding sequence alignment from various vertebrates. Human (NP_116179), bovine (NP_001092472), mouse (NP_780632), rat (NP_001014004), Xenopus (Q5EAU0). (B) Representation of the different Orai1 C-terminal deletions. (C, D) Confocal images and orthogonal sections from Xenopus oocytes (C) and eggs (D) expressing TMEM16A-mCherry with GFP-tagged Orai1 wild-type (WT) or the different deletions (10 ng RNA/oocyte for 48 h) as indicated. Cells were imaged through the PM generating a z-stack of images. Surface indicates the PM focal plane and deep the cytoplasm. Ortho shows an orthogonal cross section across the entire z-stack. Scale is 3 µm. (E) Quantification of the percent Orai1 at the PM as described in Methods (Mean ± SEM, n = 7–29 eggs from 6 donor females). *** (p <0.001), one-way ANOVA.
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Figure 2. Internalization and functionality of the FXXΦ mutants. (A, B) Confocal images from oocytes (A) and eggs (B) expressing TMEM16A with GFP-Orai1 WT, F270A, F279A, or F270,279A mutants under similar conditions as in Fig. 1C and 1D. Scale bar is 3 µm. (C) Percent Orai1 at the PM (Mean ± SEM, n = 12–42 eggs from 9 donor females). (C, D) Normalized Cl1 (ICl1) (C) and ClT (IClT) (D) currents from oocytes expressing STIM1 with the different Orai1 mutants as indicated (Mean ± SEM, n = 5–25 oocytes from 5 donor females). *(p <0.05), **(p <0.01), *** (p <0.001), ns (not significant), one-way ANOVA.
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Figure 3. Role of flotillin, PIP2 and clathrin in Orai1 internalization. (A, B) Quantification of the percent Orai1 at the PM in eggs expressing the different mutants as indicated with either a constitutively active Rab5 mutant (Q79L) (A) or caveolin (B) (Mean ± SEM, for (A) n = 10–26 eggs, for (B) n = 7–23 eggs). *(p <0.05), *** (p <0.001), ns (not significant) , one-way ANOVA. (C) Percent Orai1 at the PM for the different conditions as indicated (Mean ± SEM, n = 12–19 eggs from 4 donor females. *** (p <0.001), ns (not significant), one-way ANOVA. (D) Confocal images from oocytes and eggs expressing mCherry-Orai1 and flotillin1-GFP (Flot1-GFP). Scale bar is 3 µm. (E) Percent Orai1 at the PM for the different conditions as indicated (Mean ± SEM, n = 11–57 eggs from 5 donor females). * (p <0.05), ns (not significant), one-way ANOVA. (F) Percent PM Orai1 in eggs pretreated with either vehicle (DMSO) or Pitstop 2 (10–5 M) 2 h after progesterone addition to block clathrin-dependent endocytosis (Mean ± SEM, n = 10–13 eggs from 3 donor females), ns (not significant), unpaired t test. (G) Percent PM Orai1 in eggs treated with PIK93 (0.5 µM) or expressing Ins4,5P (Mean ± SEM, n = 15–28 eggs from 3 donor females). ns (not significant), one-way ANOVA. (H) Confocal images from eggs co-expressing GFP-PH and TMEM16A-mCherry (Control) or co-injected with Ins4,5P RNA (+ Ins 4,5 Phosphate). Scale bar is 3 µm. The right panel shows the Pearson Correlation Coefficient for TMEM16A and GFP-PH at the PM plane (Mean ± SEM, n = 7 eggs). *** (p <0.001), unpaired t test.
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Figure 4. C-terminal CC structure regulates Orai1 internalization. (A) Orai1 crystal structure in the closed conformation (4HKR) with the 4 transmembrane helices in the hexameric Orai1 channel color coded as indicated. The M4 helical extensions that form the CC from adjacent subunits are shown in dark and light blue. CC sequence alignment between human and Drosophila Orai1 is also shown. (B, C) CC predictions using the COILS algorithm with a window of 14 residues41. (D) Percent PM Orai1 for the different mutants as indicated (Mean ± SEM, n = 13–26 eggs from 4 donor females). *** (p <0.001), one way ANOVA. (E) CC predictions for the different Orai isoforms using the COILS algorithm. In this case the window that gave the highest CC probability is shown and is indicated in italics in parentheses. Human Orai1 (hOrai1, Q96D31), Xenopus Orai1 (xOrai1, Q5EAU0), and Xenopus Orai2 (xOrai2, Q6NZI6). (F) Percent Orai at the PM in both oocytes and eggs for the different clones as in panel (E). Mean ± SEM, n = 9–27 eggs from 3 donor females. *** (p <0.001), ns (not significant), one way ANOVA. (G) Plot of percent Orai at the PM as a function of maximal CC probability for the three Orai isoforms. (H) Sequence alignment of the C-termini of hOrai1, xOrai1 and xOrai2. (I) Cartoon topology of Orai1 showing the CBM domain in the N-terminal cytosolic region and cytoplasmic internalization handle domain (CIH) in the Orai C-terminus.
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Supplemental Figure 2. Ca2+-activated chloride currents (CaCC) to quantify Ca2+ release and SOCE.
A. Cartoon of Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx activation of CaCC and example traces of activation of ICl1 in response to Ca2+ release from store (top traces) as well as IClT in response for Ca2+ influx through SOCE following store depletion. Ionomycin (Ion) was used to deplete stores in this case. The voltage protocol used is shown above the traces and was designed to depolarize the cell membrane using the +40 mV pulse to minimize the driving force for Ca2+ influx, with the -140 mV pulse designed to induce Ca2+ influx following store depletion to measure SOCE. SOCE was measured using the transient Cl current during the second +40 mV pulse (IClT) that responds to Ca2+ influx during the -140 mV pulse 1. B-C. Example traces from the different mutants during the Ca2+ release phase (ICl1) from the first +40 mV pulse (B) and SOCE phase (IClT) from the second +40 mV pulse (C).
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Supplemental Figure 4.
A. Sequence alignment of the N-termini of Human Orai1 (hOrai1, Q96D31), Xenopus Orai1 (xOrai1, Q5EAU0), and Xenopus Orai2 (xOrai2, Q6NZI6). The caveolin binding motif with its consensus is indicated as well as the extended transmembrane Orai N-terminal (ETON) of Orai1. B. CC predictions for the different human Orai isoforms using the COILS algorithm. The window with the highest CC probability is shown and is indicated in italics in parentheses. hOrai1 (Q96D31), hOrai2 (Q96SN7), hOrai3 (Q9BRQ5). C. Sequence alignment of the N- termini of Human Orai isoforms.
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