Curr Opin Cell Biol 2006 Apr 01;182:192-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2006.01.001.

CDK activation by non-cyclin proteins.

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Progression through the cell cycle is regulated by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which associate with activating partners, named cyclins, to phosphorylate substrates efficiently. Cyclins are periodically synthesized and degraded during the cell cycle, playing a key role in the precise activation and inactivation of CDKs. However, CDKs can also be activated by other proteins, which lack sequence similarity to cyclins. These include the RINGO/Speedy proteins, which were originally identified as regulators of the meiotic cell cycle in Xenopus oocytes. Recently, five different mammalian RINGO/Speedy family members have been reported, all of which can bind to and directly activate Cdk1 and Cdk2.

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Species referenced: Xenopus
Genes referenced: cdk1 cdk2