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EMBO Rep
2002 May 01;35:451-6. doi: 10.1093/embo-reports/kvf099.
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Regulation of mitochondrial D-loops by transcription factor A and single-stranded DNA-binding protein.
Takamatsu C
,
Umeda S
,
Ohsato T
,
Ohno T
,
Abe Y
,
Fukuoh A
,
Shinagawa H
,
Hamasaki N
,
Kang D
.
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During replication, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) takes on a triple-stranded structure called a D-loop. Although their physiological roles are not understood, D-loops are implicated in replication and transcription of mtDNA. Little is known about the turnover of D-loops. We investigated the effects of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and single-stranded DNA-binding protein (mtSSB) on D-loops. In human HeLa cells, TFAM and mtSSB are, respectively, 1700- and 3000-fold more abundant than mtDNA. This level of TFAM is two orders of magnitude higher than reported previously and is sufficient to wrap human mtDNA entirely. TFAM resolves D-loops in vitro if added in similar stoichiometries. mtSSB inhibits the resolution of mtDNA by TFAM but enhances resolution by RecG, a junction-specific helicase from Escherichia coli. Hence, mtSSB functions in both stabilization and resolution. We propose that TFAM and mtSSB are cooperatively involved in stabilizing D-loops and in the maintenance of mtDNA.
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