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XB-ART-34997
Dev Biol 2007 Jan 01;3011:62-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.10.048.
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Apoptosis is required during early stages of tail regeneration in Xenopus laevis.

Tseng AS , Adams DS , Qiu D , Koustubhan P , Levin M .


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The Xenopus tadpole is able to regenerate its tail, including skin, muscle, notochord, spinal cord and neurons and blood vessels. This process requires rapid tissue growth and morphogenesis. Here we show that a focus of apoptotic cells appears in the regeneration bud within 12 h of amputation. Surprisingly, when caspase-3 activity is specifically inhibited, regeneration is abolished. This is true of tails both before and after the refractory period. Programmed cell death is only required during the first 24 h after amputation, as later inhibition has no effect on regeneration. Inhibition of caspase-dependent apoptosis results in a failure to induce proliferation in the growth zone, a mispatterning of axons in the regenerate, and the appearance of ectopic otoliths in the neural tube, in the context of otherwise normal continued development of the larva. Larvae amputated during the refractory stage exhibit a much broader domain of caspase-3-positive cells, suggesting a window for the amount of apoptosis that is compatible with normal regeneration. These data reveal novel roles for apoptosis in development and indicate that a degree of apoptosis is an early and obligate component of normal tail regeneration, suggesting the possibility of the existence of endogenous inhibitory cells that must be destroyed by programmed cell death for regeneration to occur.

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???displayArticle.link??? Dev Biol
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Species referenced: Xenopus laevis
Genes referenced: casp3.2 hpse itih3
???displayArticle.antibodies??? Casp3 Ab5 H3f3a Ab11 Tuba4b Ab5

Phenotypes: Xla Wt + M50054 (A, B, C) [+]

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References [+] :
Abdel-Karim, Mitotic activity in the blastema and stump tissues of regenerating hind limbs of Xenopus laevis larvae after amputation at ankle level. An autoradiographic study. 1990, Pubmed, Xenbase