Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
1998 Sep 15;9519:11235-40. doi: 10.1073/pnas.95.19.11235.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Structural analysis of cloned plasma membrane proteins by freeze-fracture electron microscopy.
Eskandari S
,
Wright EM
,
Kreman M
,
Starace DM
,
Zampighi GA
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
We have used freeze-fracture electron microscopy to examine the oligomeric structure and molecular asymmetry of integral plasma membrane proteins. Recombinant plasma membrane proteins were functionally expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and the dimensions of their freeze-fracture particles were analyzed. To characterize the freeze-fracture particles, we compared the particle cross-sectional area of proteins with alpha-helical transmembrane domains (opsin, aquaporin 1, and a connexin) with their area obtained from existing maps calculated from two-dimensional crystals. We show that the cross-sectional area of the freeze-fracture particles corresponds to the area of the transmembrane domain of the protein, and that the protein cross-sectional area varies linearly with the number membrane-spanning helices. On average, each helix occupies 1.40 +/- 0.03 nm2. By using this information, we examined members from three classes of plasma membrane proteins: two ion channels, the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and connexin 50 hemi-channel; a water channel, the major intrinsic protein (the aquaporin 0); and a cotransporter, the Na+/glucose cotransporter. Our results suggest that the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator is a dimer containing 25 +/- 2 transmembrane helices, connexin 50 is a hexamer containing 24 +/- 3 helices, the major intrinsic protein is a tetramer containing 24 +/- 3 helices, and the Na+/glucose cotransporter is an asymmetrical monomer containing 15 +/- 2 helices.
Beuron,
Structural analysis of a MIP family protein from the digestive tract of Cicadella viridis.
1995, Pubmed
Beuron,
Structural analysis of a MIP family protein from the digestive tract of Cicadella viridis.
1995,
Pubmed
Branton,
Fracture faces of frozen membranes.
1966,
Pubmed
Branton,
Freeze-etching studies of membrane structure.
1971,
Pubmed
Breyton,
Dimer to monomer conversion of the cytochrome b6 f complex. Causes and consequences.
1997,
Pubmed
Chandy,
Comparison of the water transporting properties of MIP and AQP1.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Chang,
Mapping of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator membrane topology by glycosylation site insertion.
1994,
Pubmed
Cheng,
Three-dimensional organization of a human water channel.
1997,
Pubmed
Costello,
Morphology of proteoliposomes reconstituted with purified lac carrier protein from Escherichia coli.
1984,
Pubmed
Eskandari,
Thyroid Na+/I- symporter. Mechanism, stoichiometry, and specificity.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ferretti,
Total synthesis of a gene for bovine rhodopsin.
1986,
Pubmed
Fischer,
CFTR displays voltage dependence and two gating modes during stimulation.
1994,
Pubmed
Fulmer,
Two cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mutations have different effects on both pulmonary phenotype and regulation of outwardly rectified chloride currents.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Goodenough,
Connexins, connexons, and intercellular communication.
1996,
Pubmed
Goodenough,
Structural differentiation of stacked and unstacked chloroplast membranes. Freeze-etch electron microscopy of wild-type and mutant strains of Chlamydomonas.
1971,
Pubmed
Gorin,
The major intrinsic protein (MIP) of the bovine lens fiber membrane: characterization and structure based on cDNA cloning.
1984,
Pubmed
Hediger,
Expression cloning and cDNA sequencing of the Na+/glucose co-transporter.
,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Jetté,
Radiation-inactivation analysis of the oligomeric structure of the renal sodium/D-glucose symporter.
1997,
Pubmed
Khorana,
Expression of a bovine rhodopsin gene in Xenopus oocytes: demonstration of light-dependent ionic currents.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
König,
Characterisation of the major intrinsic protein (MIP) from bovine lens fibre membranes by electron microscopy and hydrodynamics.
1997,
Pubmed
Lostao,
Arginine-427 in the Na+/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) is involved in trafficking to the plasma membrane.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Mitra,
The CHIP28 water channel visualized in ice by electron crystallography.
1995,
Pubmed
Noda,
Structural homology of Torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor subunits.
1983,
Pubmed
Ostermeier,
Crystallization of membrane proteins.
1997,
Pubmed
Pasyk,
Mutant (delta F508) cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Cl- channel is functional when retained in endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian cells.
1995,
Pubmed
Perkins,
Three-dimensional structure of the gap junction connexon.
1997,
Pubmed
Preston,
Isolation of the cDNA for erythrocyte integral membrane protein of 28 kilodaltons: member of an ancient channel family.
1991,
Pubmed
Preston,
Membrane topology of aquaporin CHIP. Analysis of functional epitope-scanning mutants by vectorial proteolysis.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Riordan,
Identification of the cystic fibrosis gene: cloning and characterization of complementary DNA.
1989,
Pubmed
Sahin-Tóth,
Properties of permease dimer, a fusion protein containing two lactose permease molecules from Escherichia coli.
1994,
Pubmed
Schertler,
Projection structure of frog rhodopsin in two crystal forms.
1995,
Pubmed
Stevens,
Intestinal brush border membrane Na+/glucose cotransporter functions in situ as a homotetramer.
1990,
Pubmed
Turk,
Membrane topology of the human Na+/glucose cotransporter SGLT1.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Turk,
Membrane topology motifs in the SGLT cotransporter family.
1997,
Pubmed
Unger,
Projection structure of a gap junction membrane channel at 7 A resolution.
1997,
Pubmed
Unger,
Arrangement of rhodopsin transmembrane alpha-helices.
1997,
Pubmed
Unwin,
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at 9 A resolution.
1993,
Pubmed
Unwin,
Acetylcholine receptor channel imaged in the open state.
1995,
Pubmed
Walz,
The three-dimensional structure of aquaporin-1.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
White,
Mouse Cx50, a functional member of the connexin family of gap junction proteins, is the lens fiber protein MP70.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Zampighi,
A method for determining the unitary functional capacity of cloned channels and transporters expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase