Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
J Virol
1995 Feb 01;692:1219-25. doi: 10.1128/JVI.69.2.1219-1225.1995.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Analysis of the posttranslational modifications of the influenza virus M2 protein.
Holsinger LJ
,
Shaughnessy MA
,
Micko A
,
Pinto LH
,
Lamb RA
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The sites of posttranslational modifications of the influenza A virus M2 protein were examined, and the effect of these modifications on the M2 protein ion channel activity was analyzed. Cysteine residues 17 and 19 in the M2 protein ectodomain form disulfide bonds. The cytoplasmic tail is posttranslationally modified by palmitoylation, and mutagenic studies support the view that cysteine residue 50 is the site for fatty acylation. In addition, the cytoplasmic tail of the M2 protein was found to be posttranslationally modified by the addition of phosphate to specific serine residues. Site-directed mutagenesis of serine residues in the M2 protein cytoplasmic tail, combined with phosphoamino acid analysis, indicated that serine residue 64 is the predominant site for phosphorylation but that serine residues 82, 89, and 93 were also phosphorylated but to much lesser extents. Disulfide-bond formation, palmitoylation, and phosphorylation occurred on M2 protein expressed in mammalian cells infected with influenza virus, in mammalian cells in which the M2 protein was expressed from DNA expression vectors, and when the M2 protein was expressed in oocytes of Xenopus laevis. The membrane currents of oocytes of Xenopus laevis expressing wild-type and site-specifically altered forms of the M2 protein, to ablate posttranslational modifications, indicated that none of the posttranslational modifications significantly affected the ion channel activity of the M2 protein in oocytes. Therefore, these data do not indicate a functional role for posttranslational modifications of the M2 protein in its ion channel activity.
Boyle,
Phosphopeptide mapping and phosphoamino acid analysis by two-dimensional separation on thin-layer cellulose plates.
1991, Pubmed
Boyle,
Phosphopeptide mapping and phosphoamino acid analysis by two-dimensional separation on thin-layer cellulose plates.
1991,
Pubmed
Deng,
Site-directed mutagenesis of virtually any plasmid by eliminating a unique site.
1992,
Pubmed
Duff,
The transmembrane domain of influenza A M2 protein forms amantadine-sensitive proton channels in planar lipid bilayers.
1992,
Pubmed
Erikson,
Substrate specificity of ribosomal protein S6 kinase II from Xenopus eggs.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Fiol,
Formation of protein kinase recognition sites by covalent modification of the substrate. Molecular mechanism for the synergistic action of casein kinase II and glycogen synthase kinase 3.
1987,
Pubmed
Fuerst,
Eukaryotic transient-expression system based on recombinant vaccinia virus that synthesizes bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase.
1986,
Pubmed
Hay,
The molecular basis of the specific anti-influenza action of amantadine.
1985,
Pubmed
Holsinger,
Influenza virus M2 integral membrane protein is a homotetramer stabilized by formation of disulfide bonds.
1991,
Pubmed
Holsinger,
Influenza A virus M2 ion channel protein: a structure-function analysis.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hughey,
Expression of the influenza A virus M2 protein is restricted to apical surfaces of polarized epithelial cells.
1992,
Pubmed
Hull,
Integration of a small integral membrane protein, M2, of influenza virus into the endoplasmic reticulum: analysis of the internal signal-anchor domain of a protein with an ectoplasmic NH2 terminus.
1988,
Pubmed
Jackson,
Electron microscopic evidence for the association of M2 protein with the influenza virion.
1991,
Pubmed
Lamb,
Sequences of mRNAs derived from genome RNA segment 7 of influenza virus: colinear and interrupted mRNAs code for overlapping proteins.
1981,
Pubmed
Lamb,
The phosphorylation of sendai virus proteins by a virus particle-associated protein kinase.
1975,
Pubmed
Lamb,
The synthesis of sendai virus polypeptides in infected cells.
1976,
Pubmed
Lamb,
Synthesis of influenza virus proteins in infected cells: translation of viral polypeptides, including three P polypeptides, from RNA produced by primary transcription.
1976,
Pubmed
Lamb,
The synthesis of Sendai virus polypeptides in infected cells. III. Phosphorylation of polypeptides.
1977,
Pubmed
Lamb,
Evidence for a ninth influenza viral polypeptide.
1978,
Pubmed
Lamb,
Identification of a second protein (M2) encoded by RNA segment 7 of influenza virus.
1981,
Pubmed
Lamb,
Spliced and unspliced messenger RNAs synthesized from cloned influenza virus M DNA in an SV40 vector: expression of the influenza virus membrane protein (M1).
1982,
Pubmed
Lamb,
Influenza virus M2 protein is an integral membrane protein expressed on the infected-cell surface.
1985,
Pubmed
Laskey,
Quantitative film detection of 3H and 14C in polyacrylamide gels by fluorography.
1975,
Pubmed
Panayotov,
Oligomeric organization and strain-specific proteolytic modification of the virion M2 protein of influenza A H1N1 viruses.
1992,
Pubmed
Parks,
Transposition of domains between the M2 and HN viral membrane proteins results in polypeptides which can adopt more than one membrane orientation.
1989,
Pubmed
Parks,
Topology of eukaryotic type II membrane proteins: importance of N-terminal positively charged residues flanking the hydrophobic domain.
1991,
Pubmed
Paterson,
RNA editing by G-nucleotide insertion in mumps virus P-gene mRNA transcripts.
1990,
Pubmed
Paterson,
Ability of the hydrophobic fusion-related external domain of a paramyxovirus F protein to act as a membrane anchor.
1987,
Pubmed
Pearson,
Substrate specificity of a multifunctional calmodulin-dependent protein kinase.
1985,
Pubmed
Pinto,
Influenza virus M2 protein has ion channel activity.
1992,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sanger,
DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors.
1977,
Pubmed
Schmidt,
Fatty acylation of proteins.
1989,
Pubmed
Sugrue,
Specific structural alteration of the influenza haemagglutinin by amantadine.
1990,
Pubmed
Sugrue,
Palmitoylation of the influenza A virus M2 protein.
1990,
Pubmed
Sugrue,
Structural characteristics of the M2 protein of influenza A viruses: evidence that it forms a tetrameric channel.
1991,
Pubmed
Tashiro,
Pneumotropic revertants derived from a pantropic mutant, F1-R, of Sendai virus.
1991,
Pubmed
Tosteson,
Reconstitution of the influenza virus M2 ion channel in lipid bilayers.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wang,
Direct measurement of the influenza A virus M2 protein ion channel activity in mammalian cells.
1994,
Pubmed
Zebedee,
Influenza A virus M2 protein: monoclonal antibody restriction of virus growth and detection of M2 in virions.
1988,
Pubmed
Zebedee,
Characterization of the influenza virus M2 integral membrane protein and expression at the infected-cell surface from cloned cDNA.
1985,
Pubmed
