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XB-ART-928
Cell 2005 Dec 16;1236:1147-60. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2005.08.047.
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Regulation of ADMP and BMP2/4/7 at opposite embryonic poles generates a self-regulating morphogenetic field.



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Embryos have the ability to self-regulate and regenerate normal structures after being sectioned in half. How is such a morphogenetic field established? We discovered that quadruple knockdown of ADMP and BMP2/4/7 in Xenopus embryos eliminates self-regulation, causing ubiquitous neural induction throughout the ectoderm. ADMP transcription in the Spemann organizer is activated at low BMP levels. When ventral BMP2/4/7 signals are depleted, Admp expression increases, allowing for self-regulation. ADMP has BMP-like activity and signals via the ALK-2 receptor. It is unable to signal dorsally because of inhibition by Chordin. The ventral BMP antagonists Sizzled and Bambi further refine the pattern. By transplanting dorsal or ventral wild-type grafts into ADMP/BMP2/4/7-depleted hosts, we demonstrate that both poles serve as signaling centers that can induce histotypic differentiation over considerable distances. We conclude that dorsal and ventral BMP signals and their extracellular antagonists expressed under opposing transcriptional regulation provide a molecular mechanism for embryonic self-regulation.

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Species referenced: Xenopus laevis
Genes referenced: acvr1 admp alk bambi bmp2 bmp4 chrd egr2 en2 krt12.4 myod1 nog otx2 rax six3 smad1 sox2 sptssb szl tbx2 tll1 tll2 twsg1 ventx1
???displayArticle.morpholinos??? admp MO1 bambi MO1 bmp2 MO1 bmp4 MO1 bmp7.2 MO1 cer1 MO2 cer1 MO3 chrd.1 MO1 chrd.1 MO2 fst MO2 nog MO1 szl MO1


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References [+] :
Bertocchini, Determination of embryonic polarity in a regulative system: evidence for endogenous inhibitors acting sequentially during primitive streak formation in the chick embryo. 2004, Pubmed