Neuron 2000 Feb 01;252:373-83. doi: 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80901-0.

Neuronal and glial glycine transporters have different stoichiometries.

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A neurotransmitter transporter can potentially mediate uptake or release of substrate, and its stoichiometry is a key factor that controls the driving force and thus the neurotransmitter flux direction. We have used a combination of electrophysiology and radio-tracing techniques to evaluate the stoichiometries of two glycine transporters involved in glycinergic or glutamatergic transmission. We show that GlyT2a, a transporter present in glycinergic boutons, has a stoichiometry of 3 Na+/Cl-/glycine, which predicts effective glycine accumulation in all physiological conditions. GlyT1b, a glial transporter, has a stoichiometry of 2 Na+/Cl-/ glycine, which predicts that glycine can be exported or imported, depending on physiological conditions. GlyT1b may thus modulate glutamatergic synapses by increasing or decreasing the glycine concentration around N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs).

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Species referenced: Xenopus laevis
Genes referenced: slc6a9