Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Science
2009 Dec 18;3265960:1668-74. doi: 10.1126/science.1180310.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Crystal structure of the eukaryotic strong inward-rectifier K+ channel Kir2.2 at 3.1 A resolution.
Tao X
,
Avalos JL
,
Chen J
,
MacKinnon R
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Inward-rectifier potassium (K+) channels conduct K+ ions most efficiently in one direction, into the cell. Kir2 channels control the resting membrane voltage in many electrically excitable cells, and heritable mutations cause periodic paralysis and cardiac arrhythmia. We present the crystal structure of Kir2.2 from chicken, which, excluding the unstructured amino and carboxyl termini, is 90% identical to human Kir2.2. Crystals containing rubidium (Rb+), strontium (Sr2+), and europium (Eu3+) reveal binding sites along the ion conduction pathway that are both conductive and inhibitory. The sites correlate with extensive electrophysiological data and provide a structural basis for understanding rectification. The channel's extracellular surface, with large structured turrets and an unusual selectivity filter entryway, might explain the relative insensitivity of eukaryotic inward rectifiers to toxins. These same surface features also suggest a possible approach to the development of inhibitory agents specific to each member of the inward-rectifier K+ channel family.
Cho,
Two critical cysteine residues implicated in disulfide bond formation and proper folding of Kir2.1.
2000, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Cho,
Two critical cysteine residues implicated in disulfide bond formation and proper folding of Kir2.1.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dibb,
Molecular basis of ion selectivity, block, and rectification of the inward rectifier Kir3.1/Kir3.4 K(+) channel.
2003,
Pubmed
Fakler,
Kir2.1 inward rectifier K+ channels are regulated independently by protein kinases and ATP hydrolysis.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Fakler,
A structural determinant of differential sensitivity of cloned inward rectifier K+ channels to intracellular spermine.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Fakler,
Strong voltage-dependent inward rectification of inward rectifier K+ channels is caused by intracellular spermine.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Fan,
Anionic phospholipids activate ATP-sensitive potassium channels.
1997,
Pubmed
Felix,
Characterization of Kir1.1 channels with the use of a radiolabeled derivative of tertiapin.
2006,
Pubmed
Fujiwara,
Functional roles of charged amino acid residues on the wall of the cytoplasmic pore of Kir2.1.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Garcia,
Scorpion toxins as tools for studying potassium channels.
1999,
Pubmed
Guo,
Mechanism of IRK1 channel block by intracellular polyamines.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Guo,
Kinetics of inward-rectifier K+ channel block by quaternary alkylammonium ions. dimension and properties of the inner pore.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Guo,
Mechanism of rectification in inward-rectifier K+ channels.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Guo,
Interaction mechanisms between polyamines and IRK1 inward rectifier K+ channels.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
HODGKIN,
The influence of potassium and chloride ions on the membrane potential of single muscle fibres.
1959,
Pubmed
Hagiwara,
Effects of internal potassium and sodium on the anomalous rectification of the starfish egg as examined by internal perfusion.
1979,
Pubmed
Harvey,
Dendrotoxins: structure-activity relationships and effects on potassium ion channels.
2004,
Pubmed
Henry,
Protein kinase C inhibition of cloned inward rectifier (HRK1/KIR2.3) K+ channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Horie,
Voltage-dependent magnesium block of adenosine-triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel in guinea-pig ventricular cells.
1987,
Pubmed
Huang,
Direct activation of inward rectifier potassium channels by PIP2 and its stabilization by Gbetagamma.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Imredy,
A snake toxin inhibitor of inward rectifier potassium channel ROMK1.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Jiang,
The open pore conformation of potassium channels.
2002,
Pubmed
Jin,
Mechanisms of inward-rectifier K+ channel inhibition by tertiapin-Q.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Jin,
A novel high-affinity inhibitor for inward-rectifier K+ channels.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kubo,
Control of rectification and permeation by two distinct sites after the second transmembrane region in Kir2.1 K+ channel.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kuo,
Crystal structure of the potassium channel KirBac1.1 in the closed state.
2003,
Pubmed
Kurata,
The role of the cytoplasmic pore in inward rectification of Kir2.1 channels.
2007,
Pubmed
Leech,
Inward rectification in frog skeletal muscle fibres and its dependence on membrane potential and external potassium.
1981,
Pubmed
Leyland,
The possible role of a disulphide bond in forming functional Kir2.1 potassium channels.
1999,
Pubmed
Liu,
Comparison of cloned Kir2 channels with native inward rectifier K+ channels from guinea-pig cardiomyocytes.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Long,
Crystal structure of a mammalian voltage-dependent Shaker family K+ channel.
2005,
Pubmed
Long,
Atomic structure of a voltage-dependent K+ channel in a lipid membrane-like environment.
2007,
Pubmed
Lopatin,
Potassium channel block by cytoplasmic polyamines as the mechanism of intrinsic rectification.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lopes,
Alterations in conserved Kir channel-PIP2 interactions underlie channelopathies.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lu,
Electrostatic tuning of Mg2+ affinity in an inward-rectifier K+ channel.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lu,
Mechanism of rectification in inward-rectifier K+ channels.
2004,
Pubmed
Lu,
Purification, characterization, and synthesis of an inward-rectifier K+ channel inhibitor from scorpion venom.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Matsuda,
Ohmic conductance through the inwardly rectifying K channel and blocking by internal Mg2+.
,
Pubmed
Nichols,
Inward rectifier potassium channels.
1997,
Pubmed
Nishida,
Crystal structure of a Kir3.1-prokaryotic Kir channel chimera.
2007,
Pubmed
Noble,
The kinetics and rectifier properties of the slow potassium current in cardiac Purkinje fibres.
1968,
Pubmed
Oliver,
Interaction of permeant and blocking ions in cloned inward-rectifier K+ channels.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Pearson,
Block of the Kir2.1 channel pore by alkylamine analogues of endogenous polyamines.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Pegan,
Cytoplasmic domain structures of Kir2.1 and Kir3.1 show sites for modulating gating and rectification.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Pegan,
Andersen's syndrome mutation effects on the structure and assembly of the cytoplasmic domains of Kir2.1.
2006,
Pubmed
Ramu,
Short variable sequence acquired in evolution enables selective inhibition of various inward-rectifier K+ channels.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Schulze,
Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) modulation of ATP and pH sensitivity in Kir channels. A tale of an active and a silent PIP2 site in the N terminus.
2003,
Pubmed
Shin,
Mechanism of the voltage sensitivity of IRK1 inward-rectifier K+ channel block by the polyamine spermine.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shin,
Evidence for sequential ion-binding loci along the inner pore of the IRK1 inward-rectifier K+ channel.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shyng,
Structural determinants of PIP(2) regulation of inward rectifier K(ATP) channels.
2000,
Pubmed
Soom,
Multiple PIP2 binding sites in Kir2.1 inwardly rectifying potassium channels.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Spassova,
Coupled ion movement underlies rectification in an inward-rectifier K+ channel.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Spassova,
Tuning the voltage dependence of tetraethylammonium block with permeant ions in an inward-rectifier K+ channel.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Stanfield,
A single aspartate residue is involved in both intrinsic gating and blockage by Mg2+ of the inward rectifier, IRK1.
1994,
Pubmed
Stanfield,
Constitutively active and G-protein coupled inward rectifier K+ channels: Kir2.0 and Kir3.0.
2002,
Pubmed
Swartz,
An inhibitor of the Kv2.1 potassium channel isolated from the venom of a Chilean tarantula.
1995,
Pubmed
Taglialatela,
C-terminus determinants for Mg2+ and polyamine block of the inward rectifier K+ channel IRK1.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Takahashi,
Molecular cloning and functional expression of cDNA encoding a second class of inward rectifier potassium channels in the mouse brain.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Vandenberg,
Inward rectification of a potassium channel in cardiac ventricular cells depends on internal magnesium ions.
1987,
Pubmed
Wible,
Gating of inwardly rectifying K+ channels localized to a single negatively charged residue.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Yang,
Control of rectification and permeation by residues in two distinct domains in an inward rectifier K+ channel.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Yang,
Stabilization of ion selectivity filter by pore loop ion pairs in an inwardly rectifying potassium channel.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Zeng,
Structural determinants and specificities for ROMK1-phosphoinositide interaction.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Zhang,
Activation of inwardly rectifying K+ channels by distinct PtdIns(4,5)P2 interactions.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Zhou,
Ion binding affinity in the cavity of the KcsA potassium channel.
2004,
Pubmed
Zhou,
Chemistry of ion coordination and hydration revealed by a K+ channel-Fab complex at 2.0 A resolution.
2001,
Pubmed
