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Fig. 6. Sox3 interferes with neural crest formation and migration. (A) Overexpression of sox3-GR induces ectopic pigment (129/181) and expands the cement gland but does not induce ectopic cement gland as indicated by WISH of Xag-1 (n = 49/77) in two right panels. (B) WISH of sox9 (n = 47/68), slug (n = 36/57), and sox10 (n = 46/56) in embryos injected with Sox3-GR and lacZ mRNA. Dorsal view of stages 13–21 embryos with anterior to the top (top row). Asterisk marks injected side. After stage 21, expression is expanded (bottom row) (sox9, n = 33/38, slug, n = 50/52, sox10, n = 50/50), but migration is inhibited (Xtwist, n = 96/130). Uninjected and injected sides of same embryo shown. (C) Development of branchial cartilage is disrupted by Sox3 and Sox3-VP16 as demonstrated by cartilage staining using Alcian blue. Embryos are dorsal view with anterior to the top and cartilage is ventral view with anterior to the top. (D) Two representative embryos demonstrating that Sox3 induces apoptosis in the head region as marked by TUNEL staining (n = 13/22). Left embryo injected in the left side and right embryo injected in the right side to account for potential asymmetric cell death. All embryos injected in 1 of 2 cells with sox3 (400 pg), sox3-VP16 (100 pg) or sox3-GR (400 pg) and lacZ (100–200 pg) or GFP (300 pg) mRNA. |
