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Expression pattern of the winged helix factor XFD-11 during Xenopus embryogenesis.
Köster M
,
Dillinger K
,
Knöchel W
.
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We have identified a cDNA encoding a novel Xenopus winged helix transcription factor termed as XFD-11 (Xenopus fork head domain). The DNA binding domain is most closely related to those of human or murine FREAC-3 (FKHL7/MF-1/FKH-1) proteins. The XFD-11 gene is activated at late blastula/early gastrula and transcription proceeds throughout embryogenesis. Early expression is found in ventral and lateral but not in dorsal mesoderm. At neurula stages, transcripts are found in posteriormesoderm except for the dorsal midline, and the gene is also transcribed at the lateral border of the neural plate and within anteriorneuroectoderm. At later stages of development, transcripts are detected within the pronephros, the heart, within neural crest cells surrounding the eye, in the mandibular, hyoid and branchial arches, and within the tail.
Fig. 1. XFD-11 sequence and temporal expression during embryogenesis. (A) Nucleotide and amino acid sequences of Xenopus XFD-11. The fork-head
domain and the polyadenylation signal are underlined. (B) Alignment of group 3 (Kaufmann and Knohel, 1996) winged helix domains: human FREAC-3
(Pierrou et al., 1994), mouse FKH-1/MF-1 (Kaestner et al., 1993; Sasaki and Hogan, 1993), chicken CWH-2 (Freyaldenhoven et al., 1997), mouse MFH-1
(Miura et al., 1993), Xenopus XFD-4 (Scheucher et al., 1995). (C) RTCR of XFD-11 transcripts during embryogenesis. The first lane (Oo) corresponds to
RNA from mature oocytes, the last lane to a control assay lacking RNA. Histone H4 is used as internal control. Stage classification is done according to
Nieuwkoop and Faber (1975).
Fig. 2. Whole-mount in situ hybridization using XFD-11 antisense RNA. (A) stage 10.5 (veg.-dors.), (B) stage 12.5 (veg.-dors.), (C) stage 16 (post.), (D) stage 20 (ant.). E: Lateral view, anterior to the right. (E) stage 25/26, (F) stage 28/29, (G) stage 29 (cleared in benzyl benzoate), (H) stage 32, (I) stage 36, (J) stage 35 (cleared in benzyl benzoate). K: 50-mm transverse sections at the posterior region (K, L), at the trunk region (N, O, P), at the head region (Q, R) and horizontal section at the lower head region (S). (K) stage 15, (L) stage 15 (higher magnification), (M) stage 29, (N) stage 26, (O) stage 28, (P) stage 35/ 36, (Q) stage 30, (R) stage 30 (higher magnification). (S) stage 35/36. a, archenteron; ae, anterioreyeridge; an, anterior neural plate; cg, cement gland; dl, dorsal blastopore lip; dm, dorsal midline; e, eye; en, endoderm; g, gut; h, heart; hm, headmesenchyme; lbn, lateral border of neural plate; lm, lateralmesoderm; m, mesencephalon; n, notochord; nc, neural crest cells; np, neural plate; pm, posteriormesoderm; pn, pronephros; pnt, pronephric tubule; sc, spinal cord; som, somatic layer of lateral plate mesoderm; spm, splanchnic layer of lateral plate mesoderm; t, tip of tail.
