Reiss JO and Burd GD (1997), Cellular and molecular interactions in the deve...

XB-ART-16651

Semin Cell Dev Biol 1997 Apr 01;82:171-9. doi: 10.1006/scdb.1996.0138.

Show Gene links Show Anatomy links

Cellular and molecular interactions in the development of the Xenopus olfactory system.

Reiss JO , Burd GD .

???displayArticle.abstract???
Development of the olfactory system in Xenopus laevis begins during gastrulation, with the induction of olfactory placodes at the rostral edge of the prospective neural plate. Initial placodal induction appears to involve cerberus, a molecule secreted from the involuting anterior endoderm. Possible downstream genes expressed in the anterior neural ridge and sense plate include the transcription factors Pax-6, X-dll2, X-dll3, and Xotx2. Forebrain development is dependent on the presence of the placode and subsequent innervation by olfactory axons, with the extent of this dependence declining as development advances. During metamorphosis thyroid hormones initiate extensive changes in the olfactory system, including the origins of new regions of the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb, and a change in olfactory projection patterns.

???displayArticle.pubmedLink??? 15001093
???displayArticle.link??? Semin Cell Dev Biol

Species referenced: Xenopus laevis
Genes referenced: cer1 dlc dlx5 otx2 pax6

???attribute.lit??? ???displayArticles.show???

	Figure 1. Sagittal section of a juvenile frog to show the three nasal cavities. Anterior to left. PC, principal cavity; MC, middle cavity; VNO, vomeronasal organ. Scale = 200 µm.
	Figure 2. Electron micrographs to show differing surface specializations of receptor cells (R) and supporting cells (S) in the three nasal cavities. (A) Principal cavity. Ciliated receptor cells and microvillar supporting cells. (B) Middle cavity. Both ciliated (c) and microvillar (m) receptor and supporting cells. (C) Vomeronasal organ. Microvillar receptor cells and ciliated supporting cells. Scale = 2 µm. J. O. Reiss and G. D. Burd 1
	Figure 3. Timeline of important events in development of the Xenopus olfactory system. Illustrations not to scale
	Figure 4. Diagram showing the location of the prospective olfactory placodes, olfactory bulbs, cement gland, and stomodeum/hypophyseal placode at stage 15, when placodes are specified, and of the differentiating structures at stage 32, when olfactory axons have just entered the brain. Anterior views, not to scale.
	Figure 5. Diagrammatic lateral view of metamorphic changes in the olfactory system. The middle cavity is absent prior to metamorphosis. In midmetamorphic animals the middle cavity and principal cavity axons both project to the ventral part of the main olfactory bulb, but in postmetamorphic animals principal cavity axons project only to the dorsal part of the main olfactory bulb. PC, principal cavity; MC, middle cavity; VNO, vomeronasal organ.
	Sagittal section of a juvenile frog to show the three nasal cavities. Anterior to left. PC, principal cavity; MC, middle cavity; VNO, vomeronasal organ. Scale = 200 âµm.