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XB-ART-37077
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007 Nov 20;10447:18784-8. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0708970104.
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AMPA receptors and stargazin-like transmembrane AMPA receptor-regulatory proteins mediate hippocampal kainate neurotoxicity.

Tomita S , Byrd RK , Rouach N , Bellone C , Venegas A , O'Brien JL , Kim KS , Olsen O , Nicoll RA , Bredt DS .


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Naturally occurring glutamate analogs, such as kainate and domoate, which cause excitotoxic shellfish poisoning, induce nondesensitizing responses at neuronal alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors. In addition to acting on AMPA receptors, kainate and domoate also activate high-affinity kainate-type glutamate receptors. The receptor type that mediates their neurotoxicity remains uncertain. Here, we show that the transmembrane AMPA receptor-associated protein (TARP) gamma-2 (or stargazin) and the related TARP gamma-8 augment responses to kainate and domoate by making these neurotoxins more potent and more efficacious AMPA receptor agonists. Genetic deletion of hippocampal enriched gamma-8 selectively abolishes sustained depolarizations in hippocampus mediated by kainate activation of AMPA receptors. gamma-8 knockout mice display typical kainate-induced seizures; however, the associated neuronal cell death in the hippocampus is attenuated in mice lacking gamma-8. This work decisively demonstrates that TARP-associated AMPA receptors mediate kainate neurotoxicity and identifies TARPs as targets for modulating neurotoxic properties of AMPA receptors.

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Species referenced: Xenopus laevis
Genes referenced: cacng2

References [+] :
Armstrong, Mechanisms for activation and antagonism of an AMPA-sensitive glutamate receptor: crystal structures of the GluR2 ligand binding core. 2000, Pubmed