Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Development
2009 Oct 01;13620:3451-61. doi: 10.1242/dev.027714.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Smicl is required for phosphorylation of RNA polymerase II and affects 3'-end processing of RNA at the midblastula transition in Xenopus.
Collart C
,
Ramis JM
,
Down TA
,
Smith JC
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Smicl (Smad-interacting CPSF 30-like) is an unusual protein that interacts with transcription factors as well as with the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF). Previous work has shown that Smicl is expressed maternally in the Xenopus embryo and is later required for transcription of Chordin. In this paper we search for additional targets of Smicl. We identify many genes whose onset of expression at the midblastula transition (MBT) requires Smicl and is correlated with the translocation of Smicl from cytoplasm to nucleus. At least one such gene, Xiro1, is regulated via 3'-end processing. In searching for a general mechanism by which Smicl might regulate gene expression at the MBT, we have discovered that it interacts with the tail of Rpb1, the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. Our results show that Smicl is required for the phosphorylation of the Rpb1 tail at serine 2 of the repeated heptapeptide YSPTSPS. This site becomes hyperphosphorylated at the MBT, thus allowing the docking of proteins required for elongation of transcription and RNA processing. Our work links the onset of zygotic gene expression in the Xenopus embryo with the translocation of Smicl from cytoplasm to nucleus, the phosphorylation of Rpb1 and the 3'-end processing of newly transcribed mRNAs.
Barrandon,
Non-coding RNAs regulating the transcriptional machinery.
2008, Pubmed
Barrandon,
Non-coding RNAs regulating the transcriptional machinery.
2008,
Pubmed
Bushati,
Temporal reciprocity of miRNAs and their targets during the maternal-to-zygotic transition in Drosophila.
2008,
Pubmed
Chalmers,
A Xenopus tropicalis oligonucleotide microarray works across species using RNA from Xenopus laevis.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Collart,
Smicl is a novel Smad interacting protein and cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor associated protein.
2005,
Pubmed
Collart,
The novel Smad-interacting protein Smicl regulates Chordin expression in the Xenopus embryo.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Down,
NestedMICA: sensitive inference of over-represented motifs in nucleic acid sequence.
2005,
Pubmed
Dreyer,
Differential accumulation of oocyte nuclear proteins by embryonic nuclei of Xenopus.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Egloff,
Cracking the RNA polymerase II CTD code.
2008,
Pubmed
Ferg,
The TATA-binding protein regulates maternal mRNA degradation and differential zygotic transcription in zebrafish.
2007,
Pubmed
Gilchrist,
Defining a large set of full-length clones from a Xenopus tropicalis EST project.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Giraldez,
Zebrafish MiR-430 promotes deadenylation and clearance of maternal mRNAs.
2006,
Pubmed
Graindorge,
Identification of post-transcriptionally regulated Xenopus tropicalis maternal mRNAs by microarray.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gómez-Skarmeta,
Xiro, a Xenopus homolog of the Drosophila Iroquois complex genes, controls development at the neural plate.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hirose,
RNA polymerase II is an essential mRNA polyadenylation factor.
1998,
Pubmed
Hirose,
Phosphorylated RNA polymerase II stimulates pre-mRNA splicing.
1999,
Pubmed
Hirose,
Phosphorylation of the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II plays central roles in the integrated events of eucaryotic gene expression.
2007,
Pubmed
Kimelman,
The events of the midblastula transition in Xenopus are regulated by changes in the cell cycle.
1987,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lemaitre,
Dynamics of the genome during early Xenopus laevis development: karyomeres as independent units of replication.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Li,
Xenopus NF-Y pre-sets chromatin to potentiate p300 and acetylation-responsive transcription from the Xenopus hsp70 promoter in vivo.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nag,
The poly(A)-dependent transcriptional pause is mediated by CPSF acting on the body of the polymerase.
2007,
Pubmed
Newport,
A major developmental transition in early Xenopus embryos: I. characterization and timing of cellular changes at the midblastula stage.
1982,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Newport,
A major developmental transition in early Xenopus embryos: II. Control of the onset of transcription.
1982,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Orford,
The maternal CCAAT box transcription factor which controls GATA-2 expression is novel and developmentally regulated and contains a double-stranded-RNA-binding subunit.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ovsenek,
Analysis of CCAAT box transcription factor binding activity during early Xenopus laevis embryogenesis.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Palancade,
Incomplete RNA polymerase II phosphorylation in Xenopus laevis early embryos.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Peng,
Undamaged DNA transmits and enhances DNA damage checkpoint signals in early embryos.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Peterlin,
Controlling the elongation phase of transcription with P-TEFb.
2006,
Pubmed
Pfaffl,
A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR.
2001,
Pubmed
Piepenburg,
Activin redux: specification of mesodermal pattern in Xenopus by graded concentrations of endogenous activin B.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ramis,
Xnrs and activin regulate distinct genes during Xenopus development: activin regulates cell division.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Rosonina,
Analysis of the requirement for RNA polymerase II CTD heptapeptide repeats in pre-mRNA splicing and 3'-end cleavage.
2004,
Pubmed
Schier,
The maternal-zygotic transition: death and birth of RNAs.
2007,
Pubmed
Slack,
Regional biosynthetic markers in the early amphibian embryo.
1984,
Pubmed
