Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Echocardiographic assessment of cardiac morphology and function in Xenopus.
Bartlett HL
,
Escalera RB
,
Patel SS
,
Wedemeyer EW
,
Volk KA
,
Lohr JL
,
Reinking BE
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Advances using Xenopus as a model permit valuable inquiries into cardiac development from embryo to adult. Noninvasive methods are needed to study cardiac function longitudinally. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of echocardiographic studies in Xenopus and establish normative data of adult cardiac structure and function. Doppler and 2D echocardiograms and electrocardiograms were acquired from adult Xenopus laevis and X. tropicalis. Frogs were exposed to either isoflurane or tricaine to discern the effect of sedating agents on cardiac function. Cardiac dimensions, morphology, flow velocities, and electrophysiologic intervals were measured and evaluated by using bivariate and regression analyses. Normal cardiac dimensions relative to body weight and species were established by echocardiography. Normal conduction intervals were determined by electrocardiography and did not vary by body weight or species. Anesthetic agent did not affect ejection fraction or flow velocity but did alter the QRS duration and QT interval. Echocardiographic and electrocardiographic studies in Xenopus provide information about cardiac anatomy and physiology and can readily be used for longitudinal analyses of developmental inquiries. Body weight, species, and anesthetic agent are factors that should be considered in experimental design and analyses.
???displayArticle.pubmedLink???
20412684
???displayArticle.pmcLink???PMC2855036 ???displayArticle.link???Comp Med ???displayArticle.grants???[+]
Allen,
Transgenic Xenopus laevis embryos can be generated using phiC31 integrase.
2005, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Allen,
Transgenic Xenopus laevis embryos can be generated using phiC31 integrase.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Allen,
Reduction of XNkx2-10 expression leads to anterior defects and malformation of the embryonic heart.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
BROCAS,
The aging of Xenopus laevis.
1961,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Bartlett,
Transient early embryonic expression of Nkx2-5 mutations linked to congenital heart defects in human causes heart defects in Xenopus laevis.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Bartlett,
Characterization of embryonic cardiac pacemaker and atrioventricular conduction physiology in Xenopus laevis using noninvasive imaging.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Boppart,
Noninvasive assessment of the developing Xenopus cardiovascular system using optical coherence tomography.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Collier,
Trichloroethylene effects on gene expression during cardiac development.
2003,
Pubmed
Collop,
Retinoic acid signaling is essential for formation of the heart tube in Xenopus.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dagle,
Pitx2c attenuation results in cardiac defects and abnormalities of intestinal orientation in developing Xenopus laevis.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
FURMAN,
The electrocardiogram of the South African clawed toad (Xenopus laevis) with special reference to temperature effects.
1960,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gentz,
Medicine and surgery of amphibians.
2007,
Pubmed
Harland,
In situ hybridization: an improved whole-mount method for Xenopus embryos.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Hinton,
Mouse heart valve structure and function: echocardiographic and morphometric analyses from the fetus through the aged adult.
2008,
Pubmed
Kolker,
Confocal imaging of early heart development in Xenopus laevis.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Lang,
Recommendations for chamber quantification: a report from the American Society of Echocardiography's Guidelines and Standards Committee and the Chamber Quantification Writing Group, developed in conjunction with the European Association of Echocardiography, a branch of the European Society of Cardiology.
2005,
Pubmed
Lohr,
Vertebrate model systems in the study of early heart development: Xenopus and zebrafish.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Martinsen,
Cardiac neural crest ablation alters Id2 gene expression in the developing heart.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Mohun,
The morphology of heart development in Xenopus laevis.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ogino,
High-throughput transgenesis in Xenopus using I-SceI meganuclease.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Plante,
Impact of anesthesia on echocardiographic evaluation of systolic and diastolic function in rats.
2006,
Pubmed
Quiñones,
Recommendations for quantification of Doppler echocardiography: a report from the Doppler Quantification Task Force of the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the American Society of Echocardiography.
2002,
Pubmed
Rottman,
Temporal changes in ventricular function assessed echocardiographically in conscious and anesthetized mice.
2003,
Pubmed
Schneider,
Development of Z-scores for fetal cardiac dimensions from echocardiography.
2005,
Pubmed
Sedmera,
Functional and morphological evidence for a ventricular conduction system in zebrafish and Xenopus hearts.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shcherbo,
Bright far-red fluorescent protein for whole-body imaging.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Smith,
Xenopus laevis transgenesis by sperm nuclear injection.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Smith,
Isoflurane anesthesia in the African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis).
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Yergeau,
Injection-mediated transposon transgenesis in Xenopus tropicalis and the identification of integration sites by modified extension primer tag selection (EPTS) linker-mediated PCR.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
