XB-ART-42252
Cell Adh Migr
2010 Jan 01;44:595-608. doi: 10.4161/cam.4.4.12962.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Mechanisms driving neural crest induction and migration in the zebrafish and Xenopus laevis.
Klymkowsky MW
,
Rossi CC
,
Artinger KB
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
The neural crest is an evolutionary adaptation, with roots in the formation of mesoderm. Modification of neural crest behavior has been is critical for the evolutionary diversification of the vertebrates and defects in neural crest underlie a range of human birth defects. There has been a tremendous increase in our knowledge of the molecular, cellular, and inductive interactions that converge on defining the neural crest and determining its behavior. While there is a temptation to look for simple models to explain neural crest behavior, the reality is that the system is complex in its circuitry. In this review, our goal is to identify the broad features of neural crest origins (developmentally) and migration (cellularly) using data from the zebrafish (teleost) and Xenopus laevis (tetrapod amphibian) in order to illuminate where general mechanisms appear to be in play, and equally importantly, where disparities in experimental results suggest areas of profitable study.
???displayArticle.pubmedLink??? 20962584
???displayArticle.pmcLink??? PMC3011258
???displayArticle.link??? Cell Adh Migr
???displayArticle.grants??? [+]
DE017699 NIDCR NIH HHS, GM084133 NIGMS NIH HHS , HD050695 NICHD NIH HHS , R01 HD050698 NICHD NIH HHS
Species referenced: Xenopus laevis
Genes referenced: acad11 admp bmp2 chrd dlx3 dlx5 foxd3 gbx2.1 igfbp5 msx1 msx2 neurod1 neurog1 nodal nog pax3 pax7 prdm1 snai2 sox1 sox10 sox11 sox15 sox2 sox3 sox8 sox9 twist1 wnt8a zic1
???attribute.lit??? ???displayArticles.show???
|
|
Figure 5. Displays the pattern of expression of B1-type Sox-type transcription factors in the early Xenopus embryo. Top: RT-PCR analysis at various embryonic stage; Center: in situ analysis at blastula stages; Bottom: in situ hybridization at early neurual stages (stage 13 and 15) for Sox1 (A and B), Sox2 (C and D) and Sox3 (E and F). Red arrow points to region of reduced Sox expression within the nascent neural plate (Grammer T, Zhang C, Klymkowsky MW, previously unpublished observations). Image copyrighted by PUBMED CENTRAL: PMCID: PMC3011258 |
References [+] :
Abu-Elmagd,
Frizzled7 mediates canonical Wnt signaling in neural crest induction.
2006, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Abu-Elmagd, Frizzled7 mediates canonical Wnt signaling in neural crest induction. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Alfandari, Integrin alpha5beta1 supports the migration of Xenopus cranial neural crest on fibronectin. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Ambrosio, Crossveinless-2 Is a BMP feedback inhibitor that binds Chordin/BMP to regulate Xenopus embryonic patterning. 2008, Pubmed , Xenbase
Appel, Delta-mediated specification of midline cell fates in zebrafish embryos. 1999, Pubmed
Artinger, Zebrafish narrowminded suggests a genetic link between formation of neural crest and primary sensory neurons. 1999, Pubmed
Bajpai, CHD7 cooperates with PBAF to control multipotent neural crest formation. 2010, Pubmed , Xenbase
Baker, The origins of the neural crest. Part I: embryonic induction. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Baker, The origins of the neural crest. Part II: an evolutionary perspective. 1997, Pubmed
Balabanian, The chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12 binds to and signals through the orphan receptor RDC1 in T lymphocytes. 2005, Pubmed
Bell, Cell fate specification and competence by Coco, a maternal BMP, TGFbeta and Wnt inhibitor. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Belmadani, The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 regulates the migration of sensory neuron progenitors. 2005, Pubmed
Bikoff, An expanding job description for Blimp-1/PRDM1. 2009, Pubmed
Birkholz, Prdm1a is necessary for posterior pharyngeal arch development in zebrafish. 2009, Pubmed
Bleul, The lymphocyte chemoattractant SDF-1 is a ligand for LESTR/fusin and blocks HIV-1 entry. 1996, Pubmed
Blewitt, How the mouse got its spots. 2004, Pubmed
Blitz, Twisted gastrulation loss-of-function analyses support its role as a BMP inhibitor during early Xenopus embryogenesis. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Bolande, Neurocristopathy: its growth and development in 20 years. 1997, Pubmed
Bolós, The transcription factor Slug represses E-cadherin expression and induces epithelial to mesenchymal transitions: a comparison with Snail and E47 repressors. 2003, Pubmed
Bonstein, Paraxial-fated mesoderm is required for neural crest induction in Xenopus embryos. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Borchers, Xenopus cadherin-11 restrains cranial neural crest migration and influences neural crest specification. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Bouwmeester, Cerberus is a head-inducing secreted factor expressed in the anterior endoderm of Spemann's organizer. 1996, Pubmed , Xenbase
Bovolenta, Beyond Wnt inhibition: new functions of secreted Frizzled-related proteins in development and disease. 2008, Pubmed
Bronner-Fraser, Distribution of latex beads and retinal pigment epithelial cells along the ventral neural crest pathway. 1982, Pubmed
Bronner-Fraser, Cell lineage analysis reveals multipotency of some avian neural crest cells. 1988, Pubmed
Bronner-Fraser, Developmental potential of avian trunk neural crest cells in situ. 1989, Pubmed
Bronner-Fraser, Cell lineage analysis of the avian neural crest. 1991, Pubmed
Burks, FGF signalling modulates transcriptional repression by Xenopus groucho-related-4. 2009, Pubmed , Xenbase
Callery, A divergent Tbx6-related gene and Tbx6 are both required for neural crest and intermediate mesoderm development in Xenopus. 2010, Pubmed , Xenbase
Carl, Inhibition of neural crest migration in Xenopus using antisense slug RNA. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Carmona-Fontaine, Neural crests are actively precluded from the anterior neural fold by a novel inhibitory mechanism dependent on Dickkopf1 secreted by the prechordal mesoderm. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Carmona-Fontaine, Contact inhibition of locomotion in vivo controls neural crest directional migration. 2008, Pubmed , Xenbase
Carney, A direct role for Sox10 in specification of neural crest-derived sensory neurons. 2006, Pubmed
Cary, Desmin organization during the differentiation of the dorsal myotome in Xenopus laevis. 1994, Pubmed , Xenbase
Chang, Neural crest induction by Xwnt7B in Xenopus. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Chitnis, Primary neurogenesis in Xenopus embryos regulated by a homologue of the Drosophila neurogenic gene Delta. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Chitnis, The role of Notch in lateral inhibition and cell fate specification. 1995, Pubmed
Choi, Expression of cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin in Xenopus embryos begins at gastrulation and predominates in the ectoderm. 1989, Pubmed , Xenbase
Choi, A cadherin-like protein in eggs and cleaving embryos of Xenopus laevis is expressed in oocytes in response to progesterone. 1990, Pubmed , Xenbase
Chong, Expression pattern of two zebrafish genes, cxcr4a and cxcr4b. 2001, Pubmed
Clement, Bone morphogenetic protein 2 in the early development of Xenopus laevis. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Collavin, The secreted Frizzled-related protein Sizzled functions as a negative feedback regulator of extreme ventral mesoderm. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Cornell, Delta signaling mediates segregation of neural crest and spinal sensory neurons from zebrafish lateral neural plate. 2000, Pubmed
Cornell, Delta/Notch signaling promotes formation of zebrafish neural crest by repressing Neurogenin 1 function. 2002, Pubmed
Cunliffe, Ectopic mesoderm formation in Xenopus embryos caused by widespread expression of a Brachyury homologue. 1992, Pubmed , Xenbase
Dale, Bone morphogenetic protein 4: a ventralizing factor in early Xenopus development. 1992, Pubmed , Xenbase
Davis, Significance of cell-to cell contacts for the directional movement of neural crest cells within a hydrated collagen lattice. 1981, Pubmed
Davy, Ephrin-B2 forward signaling regulates somite patterning and neural crest cell development. 2007, Pubmed
Davy, Ephrin signaling in vivo: look both ways. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
De Calisto, Essential role of non-canonical Wnt signalling in neural crest migration. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
De Robertis, Spemann's organizer and the self-regulation of embryonic fields. 2009, Pubmed , Xenbase
Deardorff, A role for frizzled 3 in neural crest development. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Dent, A whole-mount immunocytochemical analysis of the expression of the intermediate filament protein vimentin in Xenopus. 1989, Pubmed , Xenbase
Drerup, Disc1 regulates foxd3 and sox10 expression, affecting neural crest migration and differentiation. 2009, Pubmed
Dupont, Germ-layer specification and control of cell growth by Ectodermin, a Smad4 ubiquitin ligase. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Ebendal, The relative roles of contact inhibition and contact guidance in orientation of axons extending on aligned collagen fibrils in vitro. 1976, Pubmed
Ebendal, Extracellular matrix fibrils and cell contacts in the chick embryo. Possible roles in orientation of cell migration and axon extension. 1977, Pubmed
Eberhart, MicroRNA Mirn140 modulates Pdgf signaling during palatogenesis. 2008, Pubmed
Eberhart, Early Hedgehog signaling from neural to oral epithelium organizes anterior craniofacial development. 2006, Pubmed
Elowitz, Stochastic gene expression in a single cell. 2002, Pubmed
Erickson, Control of pathfinding by the avian trunk neural crest. 1988, Pubmed
Esterberg, dlx3b/4b are required for the formation of the preplacodal region and otic placode through local modulation of BMP activity. 2009, Pubmed
Fukuda, Zygotic VegT is required for Xenopus paraxial mesoderm formation and is regulated by Nodal signaling and Eomesodermin. 2010, Pubmed , Xenbase
Gammill, Guidance of trunk neural crest migration requires neuropilin 2/semaphorin 3F signaling. 2006, Pubmed
García-Castro, Ectodermal Wnt function as a neural crest inducer. 2002, Pubmed
Gessert, Pescadillo is required for Xenopus laevis eye development and neural crest migration. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Gessert, Comparative gene expression analysis and fate mapping studies suggest an early segregation of cardiogenic lineages in Xenopus laevis. 2009, Pubmed , Xenbase
Glinka, Dickkopf-1 is a member of a new family of secreted proteins and functions in head induction. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Gont, Tail formation as a continuation of gastrulation: the multiple cell populations of the Xenopus tailbud derive from the late blastopore lip. 1993, Pubmed , Xenbase
Gooday, Contact behaviour exhibited by migrating neural crest cells in confrontation culture with somitic cells. 1985, Pubmed
Goodman, BMP1-related metalloproteinases promote the development of ventral mesoderm in early Xenopus embryos. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Guiral, Neural crest migration requires the activity of the extracellular sulphatases XtSulf1 and XtSulf2. 2010, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hadeball, Xenopus cadherin-11 (Xcadherin-11) expression requires the Wg/Wnt signal. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hajra, The SLUG zinc-finger protein represses E-cadherin in breast cancer. 2002, Pubmed
Handrigan, Concordia discors: duality in the origin of the vertebrate tail. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hariharan, Structure-function relationship of inhibitory Smads: Structural flexibility contributes to functional divergence. 2008, Pubmed
Hassler, Kremen is required for neural crest induction in Xenopus and promotes LRP6-mediated Wnt signaling. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hay, An overview of epithelio-mesenchymal transformation. 1995, Pubmed
Hayata, Expression of Brachyury-like T-box transcription factor, Xbra3 in Xenopus embryo. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Heasman, Overexpression of cadherins and underexpression of beta-catenin inhibit dorsal mesoderm induction in early Xenopus embryos. 1994, Pubmed , Xenbase
Heeg-Truesdell, Neural induction in Xenopus requires inhibition of Wnt-beta-catenin signaling. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hernandez-Lagunas, Zebrafish narrowminded disrupts the transcription factor prdm1 and is required for neural crest and sensory neuron specification. 2005, Pubmed
Hong, Fgf8a induces neural crest indirectly through the activation of Wnt8 in the paraxial mesoderm. 2008, Pubmed , Xenbase
Honjo, Slow muscle regulates the pattern of trunk neural crest migration in zebrafish. 2005, Pubmed
Hsieh, A new secreted protein that binds to Wnt proteins and inhibits their activities. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hsu, The Xenopus dorsalizing factor Gremlin identifies a novel family of secreted proteins that antagonize BMP activities. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Hwang, Myosin-X is required for cranial neural crest cell migration in Xenopus laevis. 2009, Pubmed , Xenbase
Inukai, SLUG, a ces-1-related zinc finger transcription factor gene with antiapoptotic activity, is a downstream target of the E2A-HLF oncoprotein. 1999, Pubmed
Itoh, Mind bomb is a ubiquitin ligase that is essential for efficient activation of Notch signaling by Delta. 2003, Pubmed
Jesuthasan, Contact inhibition/collapse and pathfinding of neural crest cells in the zebrafish trunk. 1996, Pubmed
Jiang, Mutations affecting neurogenesis and brain morphology in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. 1996, Pubmed
John, Blimp1: a conserved transcriptional repressor critical for differentiation of many tissues. 2009, Pubmed
Jones, Bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) acts during gastrula stages to cause ventralization of Xenopus embryos. 1996, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kaji, dlx3b and dlx4b function in the development of Rohon-Beard sensory neurons and trigeminal placode in the zebrafish neurula. 2004, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kashef, Cadherin-11 regulates protrusive activity in Xenopus cranial neural crest cells upstream of Trio and the small GTPases. 2009, Pubmed , Xenbase
Keller, Reconstruction of zebrafish early embryonic development by scanned light sheet microscopy. 2008, Pubmed
Keller, Neural crest cell behavior in white and dark larvae of Ambystoma mexicanum: time-lapse cinemicrographic analysis of pigment cell movement in vivo and in culture. 1984, Pubmed
Kimmel, Stages of embryonic development of the zebrafish. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kirby, In vivo time-lapse imaging shows dynamic oligodendrocyte progenitor behavior during zebrafish development. 2006, Pubmed
Klymkowsky, Epithelial-mesenchymal transition: a cancer researcher's conceptual friend and foe. 2009, Pubmed , Xenbase
Klymkowsky, The body language of cells: the intimate connection between cell adhesion and behavior. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Knaut, A zebrafish homologue of the chemokine receptor Cxcr4 is a germ-cell guidance receptor. 2003, Pubmed
Knecht, Induction of the neural crest: a multigene process. 2002, Pubmed
Kobayashi, Secreted Frizzled-related protein 2 is a procollagen C proteinase enhancer with a role in fibrosis associated with myocardial infarction. 2009, Pubmed , Xenbase
Kourakis, Did the first chordates organize without the organizer? 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Krull, Interactions of Eph-related receptors and ligands confer rostrocaudal pattern to trunk neural crest migration. 1997, Pubmed
Krull, Embryonic explant and slice preparations for studies of cell migration and axon guidance. 1998, Pubmed
Kucia, CXCR4-SDF-1 signalling, locomotion, chemotaxis and adhesion. 2004, Pubmed
Kulesa, Neural crest cell dynamics revealed by time-lapse video microscopy of whole embryo chick explant cultures. 1998, Pubmed
Kumano, Revisions to the Xenopus gastrula fate map: implications for mesoderm induction and patterning. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
LaBonne, Neural crest induction in Xenopus: evidence for a two-signal model. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
LaBonne, Snail-related transcriptional repressors are required in Xenopus for both the induction of the neural crest and its subsequent migration. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Langenberg, The eye organizes neural crest cell migration. 2008, Pubmed
Latinkić, The Xenopus Brachyury promoter is activated by FGF and low concentrations of activin and suppressed by high concentrations of activin and by paired-type homeodomain proteins. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lee, Embryonic dorsal-ventral signaling: secreted frizzled-related proteins as inhibitors of tolloid proteinases. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Levi, The distribution of E-cadherin during Xenopus laevis development. 1991, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lewis, Reiterated Wnt signaling during zebrafish neural crest development. 2004, Pubmed
Leyns, Frzb-1 is a secreted antagonist of Wnt signaling expressed in the Spemann organizer. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Li, Redundant activities of Tfap2a and Tfap2c are required for neural crest induction and development of other non-neural ectoderm derivatives in zebrafish embryos. 2007, Pubmed
Li, The posteriorizing gene Gbx2 is a direct target of Wnt signalling and the earliest factor in neural crest induction. 2009, Pubmed , Xenbase
Lin, XBMP-1B (Xtld), a Xenopus homolog of dorso-ventral polarity gene in Drosophila, modifies tissue phenotypes of ventral explants. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Livet, Transgenic strategies for combinatorial expression of fluorescent proteins in the nervous system. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Locascio, Modularity and reshuffling of Snail and Slug expression during vertebrate evolution. 2002, Pubmed
Lou, Xenopus Tbx6 mediates posterior patterning via activation of Wnt and FGF signalling. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Luo, Transcription factor AP-2 is an essential and direct regulator of epidermal development in Xenopus. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Maestro, Twist is a potential oncogene that inhibits apoptosis. 1999, Pubmed
Mancilla, Neural crest formation in Xenopus laevis: mechanisms of Xslug induction. 1996, Pubmed , Xenbase
Marchant, The inductive properties of mesoderm suggest that the neural crest cells are specified by a BMP gradient. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Matthews, Directional migration of neural crest cells in vivo is regulated by Syndecan-4/Rac1 and non-canonical Wnt signaling/RhoA. 2008, Pubmed , Xenbase
Matthews, Wnt11r is required for cranial neural crest migration. 2008, Pubmed , Xenbase
Mayor, A novel function for the Xslug gene: control of dorsal mesendoderm development by repressing BMP-4. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
McCusker, Extracellular cleavage of cadherin-11 by ADAM metalloproteases is essential for Xenopus cranial neural crest cell migration. 2009, Pubmed , Xenbase
McLennan, In vivo analysis reveals a critical role for neuropilin-1 in cranial neural crest cell migration in chick. 2007, Pubmed
Meulemans, Amphioxus and lamprey AP-2 genes: implications for neural crest evolution and migration patterns. 2002, Pubmed
Meulemans, Gene-regulatory interactions in neural crest evolution and development. 2004, Pubmed
Mii, Secreted Frizzled-related proteins enhance the diffusion of Wnt ligands and expand their signalling range. 2009, Pubmed , Xenbase
Miyazono, Bone morphogenetic protein receptors and signal transduction. 2010, Pubmed
Monsoro-Burq, Msx1 and Pax3 cooperate to mediate FGF8 and WNT signals during Xenopus neural crest induction. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Monsoro-Burq, Neural crest induction by paraxial mesoderm in Xenopus embryos requires FGF signals. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Moody, Fates of the blastomeres of the 16-cell stage Xenopus embryo. 1987, Pubmed , Xenbase
Moody, Fates of the blastomeres of the 32-cell-stage Xenopus embryo. 1987, Pubmed , Xenbase
Moos, Anti-dorsalizing morphogenetic protein is a novel TGF-beta homolog expressed in the Spemann organizer. 1995, Pubmed , Xenbase
Moury, The origins of neural crest cells in the axolotl. 1990, Pubmed
Muraoka, Sizzled controls dorso-ventral polarity by repressing cleavage of the Chordin protein. 2006, Pubmed
Murray, Snail family genes are required for left-right asymmetry determination, but not neural crest formation, in mice. 2006, Pubmed
Nagano, Shisa2 promotes the maturation of somitic precursors and transition to the segmental fate in Xenopus embryos. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Nagatomo, Xenopus hairy2 functions in neural crest formation by maintaining cells in a mitotic and undifferentiated state. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Nahmad, The dynamics of developmental system drift in the gene network underlying wing polyphenism in ants: a mathematical model. 2008, Pubmed
Neave, A graded response to BMP-4 spatially coordinates patterning of the mesoderm and ectoderm in the zebrafish. 1997, Pubmed
Nguyen, Ventral and lateral regions of the zebrafish gastrula, including the neural crest progenitors, are established by a bmp2b/swirl pathway of genes. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Nichane, Hairy2-Id3 interactions play an essential role in Xenopus neural crest progenitor specification. 2008, Pubmed , Xenbase
Nichane, Self-regulation of Stat3 activity coordinates cell-cycle progression and neural crest specification. 2010, Pubmed , Xenbase
Nie, Myosin-X is critical for migratory ability of Xenopus cranial neural crest cells. 2009, Pubmed , Xenbase
Niehrs, On growth and form: a Cartesian coordinate system of Wnt and BMP signaling specifies bilaterian body axes. 2010, Pubmed
Nieto, Control of cell behavior during vertebrate development by Slug, a zinc finger gene. 1994, Pubmed
Nikitina, Gene regulatory networks that control the specification of neural-crest cells in the lamprey. 2009, Pubmed
Nikitina, The sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus: a model for evolutionary and developmental biology. 2009, Pubmed
O'Brien, Transcription factor Ap-2alpha is necessary for development of embryonic melanophores, autonomic neurons and pharyngeal skeleton in zebrafish. 2004, Pubmed
Oelgeschläger, The evolutionarily conserved BMP-binding protein Twisted gastrulation promotes BMP signalling. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Olesnicky Killian, A role for chemokine signaling in neural crest cell migration and craniofacial development. 2009, Pubmed
Papan, Region-specific cell clones in the developing spinal cord of the zebrafish. 1999, Pubmed
Pera, Neural and head induction by insulin-like growth factor signals. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Phillips, Zebrafish msxB, msxC and msxE function together to refine the neural-nonneural border and regulate cranial placodes and neural crest development. 2006, Pubmed
Piccolo, Cleavage of Chordin by Xolloid metalloprotease suggests a role for proteolytic processing in the regulation of Spemann organizer activity. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Piotrowski, Jaw and branchial arch mutants in zebrafish II: anterior arches and cartilage differentiation. 1996, Pubmed
Plouhinec, Systems biology of embryonic morphogens. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Plouhinec, Systems biology of the self-regulating morphogenetic gradient of the Xenopus gastrula. 2009, Pubmed , Xenbase
Ragland, Signals derived from the underlying mesoderm are dispensable for zebrafish neural crest induction. 2004, Pubmed
Raible, Segregation and early dispersal of neural crest cells in the embryonic zebrafish. 1992, Pubmed
Raible, Restriction of neural crest cell fate in the trunk of the embryonic zebrafish. 1994, Pubmed
Rangarajan, PCNS: a novel protocadherin required for cranial neural crest migration and somite morphogenesis in Xenopus. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Ranscht, T-cadherin expression alternates with migrating neural crest cells in the trunk of the avian embryo. 1991, Pubmed
Rehimi, Stromal-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) expression during early chick development. 2008, Pubmed
Robinson, Roles of Eph receptors and ephrins in neural crest pathfinding. 1997, Pubmed
Roffers-Agarwal, Neuropilin receptors guide distinct phases of sensory and motor neuronal segmentation. 2009, Pubmed
Rossi, Rohon-Beard sensory neurons are induced by BMP4 expressing non-neural ectoderm in Xenopus laevis. 2008, Pubmed , Xenbase
Rossi, Transcriptional control of Rohon-Beard sensory neuron development at the neural plate border. 2009, Pubmed
Ryan, Xenopus eomesodermin is expressed in neural differentiation. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Saint-Jeannet, Regulation of dorsal fate in the neuraxis by Wnt-1 and Wnt-3a. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Salic, Sizzled: a secreted Xwnt8 antagonist expressed in the ventral marginal zone of Xenopus embryos. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Sasai, Xenopus chordin: a novel dorsalizing factor activated by organizer-specific homeobox genes. 1994, Pubmed , Xenbase
Sato, Neural crest determination by co-activation of Pax3 and Zic1 genes in Xenopus ectoderm. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Sauka-Spengler, Ancient evolutionary origin of the neural crest gene regulatory network. 2007, Pubmed
Sauka-Spengler, A gene regulatory network orchestrates neural crest formation. 2008, Pubmed
Savagner, Leaving the neighborhood: molecular mechanisms involved during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. 2001, Pubmed
Schier, Mutations affecting the development of the embryonic zebrafish brain. 1996, Pubmed
Schilling, Segment and cell type lineage restrictions during pharyngeal arch development in the zebrafish embryo. 1994, Pubmed
Schilling, Jaw and branchial arch mutants in zebrafish I: branchial arches. 1996, Pubmed
Schilling, Genetic analysis of craniofacial development in the vertebrate embryo. 1997, Pubmed
Schwarz, Neuropilin-mediated neural crest cell guidance is essential to organise sensory neurons into segmented dorsal root ganglia. 2009, Pubmed
Serbedzija, Vital dye analysis of cranial neural crest cell migration in the mouse embryo. 1992, Pubmed
Serbedzija, Developmental potential of trunk neural crest cells in the mouse. 1994, Pubmed
Shibata, Xenopus crescent encoding a Frizzled-like domain is expressed in the Spemann organizer and pronephros. 2000, Pubmed , Xenbase
Shnitsar, PTK7 recruits dsh to regulate neural crest migration. 2008, Pubmed , Xenbase
Shoval, Antagonistic roles of full-length N-cadherin and its soluble BMP cleavage product in neural crest delamination. 2007, Pubmed
Smith, Expression cloning of noggin, a new dorsalizing factor localized to the Spemann organizer in Xenopus embryos. 1992, Pubmed , Xenbase
Smith, Hedgehog, the floor plate, and the zone of polarizing activity. 1994, Pubmed
Smith, The EphA4 and EphB1 receptor tyrosine kinases and ephrin-B2 ligand regulate targeted migration of branchial neural crest cells. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Spieth, Neural crest cell behavior in white and dark larvae of Ambystoma mexicanum: differences in cell morphology, arrangement, and extracellular matrix as related to migration. 1984, Pubmed
Stennard, Differential expression of VegT and Antipodean protein isoforms in Xenopus. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
Stennard, The Xenopus T-box gene, Antipodean, encodes a vegetally localised maternal mRNA and can trigger mesoderm formation. 1996, Pubmed , Xenbase
Steventon, Differential requirements of BMP and Wnt signalling during gastrulation and neurulation define two steps in neural crest induction. 2009, Pubmed , Xenbase
Stewart, Zebrafish foxd3 is selectively required for neural crest specification, migration and survival. 2006, Pubmed
Suri, Xema, a foxi-class gene expressed in the gastrula stage Xenopus ectoderm, is required for the suppression of mesendoderm. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Suzuki, Regulation of epidermal induction by BMP2 and BMP7 signaling. 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Svetic, Sdf1a patterns zebrafish melanophores and links the somite and melanophore pattern defects in choker mutants. 2007, Pubmed
Tan, Kermit, a frizzled interacting protein, regulates frizzled 3 signaling in neural crest development. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Tashiro, Expression of mRNA for activin-binding protein (follistatin) during early embryonic development of Xenopus laevis. 1991, Pubmed , Xenbase
Thisse, Expression of snail2, a second member of the zebrafish snail family, in cephalic mesendoderm and presumptive neural crest of wild-type and spadetail mutant embryos. 1995, Pubmed
Tribulo, Regulation of Msx genes by a Bmp gradient is essential for neural crest specification. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
True, Developmental system drift and flexibility in evolutionary trajectories. 2001, Pubmed
Tríbulo, A balance between the anti-apoptotic activity of Slug and the apoptotic activity of msx1 is required for the proper development of the neural crest. 2004, Pubmed , Xenbase
Uchiyama, Cloning and characterization of the T-box gene Tbx6 in Xenopus laevis. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Umulis, The extracellular regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling. 2009, Pubmed
Ungos, Hedgehog signaling is directly required for the development of zebrafish dorsal root ganglia neurons. 2003, Pubmed
Vallin, Xenopus cadherin-11 is expressed in different populations of migrating neural crest cells. 1998, Pubmed , Xenbase
Vallin, Cloning and characterization of three Xenopus slug promoters reveal direct regulation by Lef/beta-catenin signaling. 2001, Pubmed , Xenbase
Villanueva, Posteriorization by FGF, Wnt, and retinoic acid is required for neural crest induction. 2002, Pubmed , Xenbase
Vincent, The zinc finger transcriptional repressor Blimp1/Prdm1 is dispensable for early axis formation but is required for specification of primordial germ cells in the mouse. 2005, Pubmed
Vonica, The left-right axis is regulated by the interplay of Coco, Xnr1 and derrière in Xenopus embryos. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Wada, Hedgehog signaling is required for cranial neural crest morphogenesis and chondrogenesis at the midline in the zebrafish skull. 2005, Pubmed
Walsh, Extracellular BMP-antagonist regulation in development and disease: tied up in knots. 2010, Pubmed
Wang, Xenopus skip modulates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and functions in neural crest induction. 2010, Pubmed , Xenbase
Wang, A novel Xenopus homologue of bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7). 1997, Pubmed , Xenbase
Wardle, Refinement of gene expression patterns in the early Xenopus embryo. 2004, Pubmed , Xenbase
Wu, Neural crest induction by the canonical Wnt pathway can be dissociated from anterior-posterior neural patterning in Xenopus. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Wu, Slug antagonizes p53-mediated apoptosis of hematopoietic progenitors by repressing puma. 2005, Pubmed
Yabe, Xtbx6r, a novel T-box gene expressed in the paraxial mesoderm, has anterior neural-inducing activity. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Yamamoto, Regulation of bone morphogenetic proteins in early embryonic development. 2004, Pubmed
Yamamoto, Shisa promotes head formation through the inhibition of receptor protein maturation for the caudalizing factors, Wnt and FGF. 2005, Pubmed , Xenbase
Yan, A pair of Sox: distinct and overlapping functions of zebrafish sox9 co-orthologs in craniofacial and pectoral fin development. 2005, Pubmed
Yang, Twist, a master regulator of morphogenesis, plays an essential role in tumor metastasis. 2004, Pubmed
Yu, Semaphorin signaling guides cranial neural crest cell migration in zebrafish. 2005, Pubmed
Yu, The evolutionary origin of the vertebrate neural crest and its developmental gene regulatory network--insights from amphioxus. 2010, Pubmed
Zhang, An NF-kappaB and slug regulatory loop active in early vertebrate mesoderm. 2006, Pubmed , Xenbase
Zhang, The Sox axis, Nodal signaling, and germ layer specification. 2007, Pubmed , Xenbase
Zhang, Unexpected functional redundancy between Twist and Slug (Snail2) and their feedback regulation of NF-kappaB via Nodal and Cerberus. 2009, Pubmed , Xenbase
Zhang, The beta-catenin/VegT-regulated early zygotic gene Xnr5 is a direct target of SOX3 regulation. 2003, Pubmed , Xenbase
Zhang, Repression of nodal expression by maternal B1-type SOXs regulates germ layer formation in Xenopus and zebrafish. 2004, Pubmed , Xenbase
Zhao, Lrig3 regulates neural crest formation in Xenopus by modulating Fgf and Wnt signaling pathways. 2008, Pubmed , Xenbase
Zorn, Regulation of Wnt signaling by Sox proteins: XSox17 alpha/beta and XSox3 physically interact with beta-catenin. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase
de Souza, The zinc finger gene Xblimp1 controls anterior endomesodermal cell fate in Spemann's organizer. 1999, Pubmed , Xenbase