Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
J Biol Chem
2011 May 06;28618:15806-14. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M110.175927.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Anti-apoptotic activity and proteasome-mediated degradation of Xenopus Mcl-1 protein in egg extracts.
Tsuchiya Y
,
Yamashita S
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Xenopus egg extracts execute spontaneous apoptosis without the requirement of transcription and translation, and this intrinsic mechanism is supposed to be involved in the physiological elimination of aged eggs. Although apoptosis in this system is carried out by maternally stockpiled materials, the endogenous apoptosis regulators present in egg extracts are still poorly characterized. Here we examined the mRNA expression profiles and apoptosis-regulating functions of 13 Xenopus Bcl-2 family proteins in egg extracts. Among these, we found that endogenous Xenopus Mcl-1 (xMcl-1) physiologically inhibited apoptosis by counteracting the pro-apoptotic activity of endogenous Xenopus Bid in egg extracts. Exogenously added recombinant xMcl-1 was rapidly degraded by proteasome in egg extracts, and we identified the destabilizing region in the N terminus of xMcl-1. Our results suggest that the proteolytic decay of xMcl-1 may change the functional balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic activities of Bcl-2 family proteins, thereby regulating the timing of cytochrome c release in egg extracts.
Akgul,
Mcl-1 is a potential therapeutic target in multiple types of cancer.
2009, Pubmed
Akgul,
Mcl-1 is a potential therapeutic target in multiple types of cancer.
2009,
Pubmed
Aouacheria,
Phylogenomics of life-or-death switches in multicellular animals: Bcl-2, BH3-Only, and BNip families of apoptotic regulators.
2005,
Pubmed
Blaineau,
BCL2DB: moving 'helix-bundled' BCL-2 family members to their database.
2009,
Pubmed
Bonzon,
Caspase-2-induced apoptosis requires bid cleavage: a physiological role for bid in heat shock-induced death.
2006,
Pubmed
Chipuk,
How do BCL-2 proteins induce mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization?
2008,
Pubmed
Coen,
Xenopus Bcl-X(L) selectively protects Rohon-Beard neurons from metamorphic degeneration.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Coen,
Caspase-9 regulates apoptosis/proliferation balance during metamorphic brain remodeling in Xenopus.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Cosulich,
Bcl-2 regulates activation of apoptotic proteases in a cell-free system.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Cosulich,
Regulation of apoptosis by BH3 domains in a cell-free system.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Cosulich,
Bcl-2 regulates amplification of caspase activation by cytochrome c.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Coultas,
Pro-apoptotic BH3-only Bcl-2 family members in vertebrate model organisms suitable for genetic experimentation.
2002,
Pubmed
Cruz-Reyes,
Cloning, characterization and expression of two Xenopus bcl-2-like cell-survival genes.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
De Marco,
p27(BBP)/eIF6 acts as an anti-apoptotic factor upstream of Bcl-2 during Xenopus laevis development.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Deming,
Study of apoptosis in vitro using the Xenopus egg extract reconstitution system.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Du Pasquier,
Developmental cell death during Xenopus metamorphosis involves BID cleavage and caspase 2 and 8 activation.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Du Pasquier,
tBid mediated activation of the mitochondrial death pathway leads to genetic ablation of the lens in Xenopus laevis.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Finkielstein,
The midblastula transition in Xenopus embryos activates multiple pathways to prevent apoptosis in response to DNA damage.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Freel,
Mitochondrial localization of Reaper to promote inhibitors of apoptosis protein degradation conferred by GH3 domain-lipid interactions.
2008,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Galbán,
XIAP as a ubiquitin ligase in cellular signaling.
2010,
Pubmed
Guillemin,
Oocytes and early embryos selectively express the survival factor BCL2L10.
2009,
Pubmed
Johnson,
Features of programmed cell death in intact Xenopus oocytes and early embryos revealed by near-infrared fluorescence and real-time monitoring.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Johnston,
The roles of Bcl-xL in modulating apoptosis during development of Xenopus laevis.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kloc,
Differential subcellular sequestration of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic proteins and colocalization of Bcl-x(L) with the germ plasm, in Xenopus laevis oocytes.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kluck,
The pro-apoptotic proteins, Bid and Bax, cause a limited permeabilization of the mitochondrial outer membrane that is enhanced by cytosol.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kluck,
The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria: a primary site for Bcl-2 regulation of apoptosis.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kominami,
The initiator caspase, caspase-10beta, and the BH-3-only molecule, Bid, demonstrate evolutionary conservation in Xenopus of their pro-apoptotic activities in the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kuwana,
Bid, Bax, and lipids cooperate to form supramolecular openings in the outer mitochondrial membrane.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kuwana,
BH3 domains of BH3-only proteins differentially regulate Bax-mediated mitochondrial membrane permeabilization both directly and indirectly.
2005,
Pubmed
Moradi-Améli,
Interaction between the antiapoptotic protein Nr-13 and cytochrome c. Antagonistic effect of the BH3 domain of Bax.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nakajima,
Dual mechanisms governing muscle cell death in tadpole tail during amphibian metamorphosis.
2003,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Newmeyer,
Cell-free apoptosis in Xenopus egg extracts: inhibition by Bcl-2 and requirement for an organelle fraction enriched in mitochondria.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Newmeyer,
Bcl-xL does not inhibit the function of Apaf-1.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nutt,
Metabolic regulation of oocyte cell death through the CaMKII-mediated phosphorylation of caspase-2.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Nutt,
Metabolic control of oocyte apoptosis mediated by 14-3-3zeta-regulated dephosphorylation of caspase-2.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Rowe,
Apoptosis of tail muscle during amphibian metamorphosis involves a caspase 9-dependent mechanism.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sachs,
Implication of bax in Xenopus laevis tail regression at metamorphosis.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Saitoh,
Pro-apoptotic activity and mono-/diubiquitylation of Xenopus Bid in egg extracts.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Saitoh,
Inhibition of apoptosis by ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acids in Xenopus egg extracts.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Schafer,
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins assist Bid in Bax-mediated lipidic pore formation.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Thomas,
Mcl-1; the molecular regulation of protein function.
2010,
Pubmed
Tríbulo,
A balance between the anti-apoptotic activity of Slug and the apoptotic activity of msx1 is required for the proper development of the neural crest.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tsuchiya,
Apoptosis-inhibiting activities of BIR family proteins in Xenopus egg extracts.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tsuchiya,
p42MAPK-mediated phosphorylation of xEIAP/XLX in Xenopus cytostatic factor-arrested egg extracts.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
U,
Molecular cloning and characterization of six novel isoforms of human Bim, a member of the proapoptotic Bcl-2 family.
2001,
Pubmed
Uren,
Mitochondrial permeabilization relies on BH3 ligands engaging multiple prosurvival Bcl-2 relatives, not Bak.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Yoon,
Role of Bcl2-like 10 (Bcl2l10) in Regulating Mouse Oocyte Maturation.
2009,
Pubmed
Youle,
The BCL-2 protein family: opposing activities that mediate cell death.
2008,
Pubmed
Zhang,
An NF-kappaB and slug regulatory loop active in early vertebrate mesoderm.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
von Ahsen,
Cell-free apoptosis in Xenopus laevis egg extracts.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
von Ahsen,
Preservation of mitochondrial structure and function after Bid- or Bax-mediated cytochrome c release.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
