Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
Orth M
,
Mayer B
,
Rehm K
,
Rothweiler U
,
Heidmann D
,
Holak TA
,
Stemmann O
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Mammalian centromeric cohesin is protected from phosphorylation-dependent displacement in mitotic prophase by shugoshin-1 (Sgo1), while shugoshin-2 (Sgo2) protects cohesin from separase-dependent cleavage in meiosis I. In higher eukaryotes, progression and faithful execution of both mitosis and meiosis are controlled by the spindle assembly checkpoint, which delays anaphase onset until chromosomes have achieved proper attachment to microtubules. According to the so-called template model, Mad1-Mad2 complexes at unattached kinetochores instruct conformational change of soluble Mad2, thus catalysing Mad2 binding to its target Cdc20. Here, we show that human Sgo2, but not Sgo1, specifically interacts with Mad2 in a manner that strongly resembles the interactions of Mad2 with Mad1 or Cdc20. Sgo2 contains a Mad1/Cdc20-like Mad2-interaction motif and competes with Mad1 and Cdc20 for binding to Mad2. NMR and biochemical analyses show that shugoshin binding induces similar conformational changes in Mad2 as do Mad1 or Cdc20. Mad2 binding regulates fine-tuning of Sgo2's sub-centromeric localization. Mad2 binding is conserved in the only known Xenopus laevis shugoshin homologue and, compatible with a putative meiotic function, the interaction occurs in oocytes.
Aravind,
The HORMA domain: a common structural denominator in mitotic checkpoints, chromosome synapsis and DNA repair.
1998, Pubmed
Aravind,
The HORMA domain: a common structural denominator in mitotic checkpoints, chromosome synapsis and DNA repair.
1998,
Pubmed
Brar,
Rec8 phosphorylation and recombination promote the step-wise loss of cohesins in meiosis.
2006,
Pubmed
Chen,
The spindle checkpoint of budding yeast depends on a tight complex between the Mad1 and Mad2 proteins.
1999,
Pubmed
Clute,
Temporal and spatial control of cyclin B1 destruction in metaphase.
1999,
Pubmed
Cohen-Fix,
Anaphase initiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is controlled by the APC-dependent degradation of the anaphase inhibitor Pds1p.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
De Antoni,
The Mad1/Mad2 complex as a template for Mad2 activation in the spindle assembly checkpoint.
2005,
Pubmed
Doncic,
Evaluating putative mechanisms of the mitotic spindle checkpoint.
2005,
Pubmed
Fang,
The checkpoint protein MAD2 and the mitotic regulator CDC20 form a ternary complex with the anaphase-promoting complex to control anaphase initiation.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gall,
Examining the contents of isolated Xenopus germinal vesicles.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gorr,
Essential CDK1-inhibitory role for separase during meiosis I in vertebrate oocytes.
2006,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Gruber,
Chromosomal cohesin forms a ring.
2003,
Pubmed
Gómez,
Mammalian SGO2 appears at the inner centromere domain and redistributes depending on tension across centromeres during meiosis II and mitosis.
2007,
Pubmed
Haering,
The cohesin ring concatenates sister DNA molecules.
2008,
Pubmed
Hauf,
Dissociation of cohesin from chromosome arms and loss of arm cohesion during early mitosis depends on phosphorylation of SA2.
2005,
Pubmed
Homer,
Mad2 prevents aneuploidy and premature proteolysis of cyclin B and securin during meiosis I in mouse oocytes.
2005,
Pubmed
Howell,
Cytoplasmic dynein/dynactin drives kinetochore protein transport to the spindle poles and has a role in mitotic spindle checkpoint inactivation.
2001,
Pubmed
Huang,
Tripin/hSgo2 recruits MCAK to the inner centromere to correct defective kinetochore attachments.
2007,
Pubmed
Indjeian,
The centromeric protein Sgo1 is required to sense lack of tension on mitotic chromosomes.
2005,
Pubmed
Irniger,
Genes involved in sister chromatid separation are needed for B-type cyclin proteolysis in budding yeast.
1995,
Pubmed
Ivanov,
A topological interaction between cohesin rings and a circular minichromosome.
2005,
Pubmed
Johnson,
Bub1 is required for kinetochore localization of BubR1, Cenp-E, Cenp-F and Mad2, and chromosome congression.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Katis,
Rec8 phosphorylation by casein kinase 1 and Cdc7-Dbf4 kinase regulates cohesin cleavage by separase during meiosis.
2010,
Pubmed
Kawashima,
Shugoshin enables tension-generating attachment of kinetochores by loading Aurora to centromeres.
2007,
Pubmed
King,
A 20S complex containing CDC27 and CDC16 catalyzes the mitosis-specific conjugation of ubiquitin to cyclin B.
1995,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kitajima,
Shugoshin collaborates with protein phosphatase 2A to protect cohesin.
2006,
Pubmed
Kitajima,
The conserved kinetochore protein shugoshin protects centromeric cohesion during meiosis.
2004,
Pubmed
Kudo,
Role of cleavage by separase of the Rec8 kleisin subunit of cohesin during mammalian meiosis I.
2009,
Pubmed
Lee,
Unified mode of centromeric protection by shugoshin in mammalian oocytes and somatic cells.
2008,
Pubmed
Lee,
Mad2 inhibits the mitotic kinesin MKlp2.
2010,
Pubmed
Li,
MAD2 associates with the cyclosome/anaphase-promoting complex and inhibits its activity.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Llano,
Shugoshin-2 is essential for the completion of meiosis but not for mitotic cell division in mice.
2008,
Pubmed
Losada,
Identification of Xenopus SMC protein complexes required for sister chromatid cohesion.
1998,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Luo,
Structure of the Mad2 spindle assembly checkpoint protein and its interaction with Cdc20.
2000,
Pubmed
Luo,
The Mad2 spindle checkpoint protein undergoes similar major conformational changes upon binding to either Mad1 or Cdc20.
2002,
Pubmed
Luo,
The Mad2 spindle checkpoint protein has two distinct natively folded states.
2004,
Pubmed
Mapelli,
The Mad2 conformational dimer: structure and implications for the spindle assembly checkpoint.
2007,
Pubmed
Mapelli,
Determinants of conformational dimerization of Mad2 and its inhibition by p31comet.
2006,
Pubmed
Martin-Lluesma,
Role of Hec1 in spindle checkpoint signaling and kinetochore recruitment of Mad1/Mad2.
2002,
Pubmed
McGuinness,
Regulation of APC/C activity in oocytes by a Bub1-dependent spindle assembly checkpoint.
2009,
Pubmed
McGuinness,
Shugoshin prevents dissociation of cohesin from centromeres during mitosis in vertebrate cells.
2005,
Pubmed
Murray,
Cell cycle extracts.
1991,
Pubmed
Nagaoka,
Oocyte-specific differences in cell-cycle control create an innate susceptibility to meiotic errors.
2011,
Pubmed
Niault,
Changing Mad2 levels affects chromosome segregation and spindle assembly checkpoint control in female mouse meiosis I.
2007,
Pubmed
Reddy,
Ubiquitination by the anaphase-promoting complex drives spindle checkpoint inactivation.
2007,
Pubmed
Riedel,
Protein phosphatase 2A protects centromeric sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis I.
2006,
Pubmed
Rivera,
Shugoshin regulates cohesion by driving relocalization of PP2A in Xenopus extracts.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Schott,
Dominant alleles of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CDC20 reveal its role in promoting anaphase.
1998,
Pubmed
Simonetta,
The influence of catalysis on mad2 activation dynamics.
2009,
Pubmed
Sironi,
Mad2 binding to Mad1 and Cdc20, rather than oligomerization, is required for the spindle checkpoint.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sironi,
Crystal structure of the tetrameric Mad1-Mad2 core complex: implications of a 'safety belt' binding mechanism for the spindle checkpoint.
2002,
Pubmed
Stegmeier,
Anaphase initiation is regulated by antagonistic ubiquitination and deubiquitination activities.
2007,
Pubmed
Stoll,
Chalcone derivatives antagonize interactions between the human oncoprotein MDM2 and p53.
2001,
Pubmed
Sudakin,
Checkpoint inhibition of the APC/C in HeLa cells is mediated by a complex of BUBR1, BUB3, CDC20, and MAD2.
2001,
Pubmed
Sumara,
The dissociation of cohesin from chromosomes in prophase is regulated by Polo-like kinase.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tang,
PP2A is required for centromeric localization of Sgo1 and proper chromosome segregation.
2006,
Pubmed
Tang,
Human Bub1 protects centromeric sister-chromatid cohesion through Shugoshin during mitosis.
2004,
Pubmed
Tanno,
Phosphorylation of mammalian Sgo2 by Aurora B recruits PP2A and MCAK to centromeres.
2010,
Pubmed
Uhlmann,
Cleavage of cohesin by the CD clan protease separin triggers anaphase in yeast.
2000,
Pubmed
Uhlmann,
Cohesion between sister chromatids must be established during DNA replication.
1998,
Pubmed
Uhlmann,
Sister-chromatid separation at anaphase onset is promoted by cleavage of the cohesin subunit Scc1.
1999,
Pubmed
Vanoosthuyse,
Shugoshin 2 regulates localization of the chromosomal passenger proteins in fission yeast mitosis.
2007,
Pubmed
Vink,
In vitro FRAP identifies the minimal requirements for Mad2 kinetochore dynamics.
2006,
Pubmed
Waizenegger,
Two distinct pathways remove mammalian cohesin from chromosome arms in prophase and from centromeres in anaphase.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Wassmann,
Mad2 phosphorylation regulates its association with Mad1 and the APC/C.
2003,
Pubmed
Wassmann,
Metaphase I arrest upon activation of the Mad2-dependent spindle checkpoint in mouse oocytes.
2003,
Pubmed
Wassmann,
Mad2 transiently associates with an APC/p55Cdc complex during mitosis.
1998,
Pubmed
Waters,
Localization of Mad2 to kinetochores depends on microtubule attachment, not tension.
1998,
Pubmed
Wojtasz,
Mouse HORMAD1 and HORMAD2, two conserved meiotic chromosomal proteins, are depleted from synapsed chromosome axes with the help of TRIP13 AAA-ATPase.
2009,
Pubmed
Xia,
Conformation-specific binding of p31(comet) antagonizes the function of Mad2 in the spindle checkpoint.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Xu,
Structure and function of the PP2A-shugoshin interaction.
2009,
Pubmed
Yang,
p31comet blocks Mad2 activation through structural mimicry.
2007,
Pubmed
Yang,
Insights into mad2 regulation in the spindle checkpoint revealed by the crystal structure of the symmetric mad2 dimer.
2008,
Pubmed
Yokobayashi,
The kinetochore protein Moa1 enables cohesion-mediated monopolar attachment at meiosis I.
2005,
Pubmed
Yu,
A mad partner for Shugoshin in meiosis.
2011,
Pubmed
Zou,
Identification of a vertebrate sister-chromatid separation inhibitor involved in transformation and tumorigenesis.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
