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Genetics
2012 May 01;1911:163-70. doi: 10.1534/genetics.111.137497.
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Tracing the emergence of a novel sex-determining gene in medaka, Oryzias luzonensis.
Myosho T
,
Otake H
,
Masuyama H
,
Matsuda M
,
Kuroki Y
,
Fujiyama A
,
Naruse K
,
Hamaguchi S
,
Sakaizumi M
.
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Three sex-determining (SD) genes, SRY (mammals), Dmy (medaka), and DM-W (Xenopus laevis), have been identified to date in vertebrates. However, how and why a new sex-determining gene appears remains unknown, as do the switching mechanisms of the master sex-determining gene. Here, we used positional cloning to search for the sex-determining gene in Oryzias luzonensis and found that GsdfY (gonadal soma derived growth factor on the Y chromosome) has replaced Dmy as the master sex-determining gene in this species. We found that GsdfY showed high expression specifically in males during sex differentiation. Furthermore, the presence of a genomic fragment that included GsdfY converts XX individuals into fertile XX males. Luciferase assays demonstrated that the upstream sequence of GsdfY contributes to the male-specific high expression. Gsdf is downstream of Dmy in the sex-determining cascade of O. latipes, suggesting that emergence of the Dmy-independent Gsdf allele led to the appearance of this novel sex-determining gene in O. luzonensis.
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