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A sliding clamp complex may help correct DNA replication errors by keeping track of which DNA strand is new and which is the template.
Figure 1. PCNA binds to DNA in an asymmetric way.Base-base mismatches (dashed circle) result when a base is added into a newly synthesized DNA strand (red) that does not match the corresponding base in the template strand (blue). (A) Newly synthesized strands of DNA often have small gaps that are filled in and ligated later, and the ring-shaped complex PCNA forms non-identical complexes with 5’-gapped (top) or 3’-gapped (bottom) heteroduplex DNA. Note that one side of the complex (green) always faces towards the 5’ end of the new DNA strand, while the other (yellow) faces towards the 3’-end. (B) The asymmetry of the PCNA-DNA complexes is conserved after the DNA gaps are filled in and ligated; this could allow DNA mismatch repair to distinguish the error-containing new strand from the error-free template. (C) Kawasoe et al. show that PCNA spends little time on DNA containing a mismatch in the absence of the mismatch recognition complex MutSα (top). PCNA spends much longer on the DNA when MutSα is present (middle), but not quite so long if MutSα’s PCNA interacting protein (PIP) motif is removed (MutSα∆PIP; bottom). Times given in figure are the half-lives of the PCNA-DNA complexes (t1/2).
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