Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
???displayArticle.abstract???
BACKGROUND: Development of paired sensory organs is a highly complex and coordinated process. These organs arise from ectodermal thickenings in the cephalic region known as cranial placodes. We have previously shown that Zic1 is a critical regulator for the formation of the pre-placodal region (PPR), the common territory for the development of all cranial placodes in Xenopus laevis.
RESULTS: In this study, we have analyzed a number of Zic1 targets for their expression during PPR patterning, as well as their regulation by retinoic acid (RA) and one of its major metabolites, 4-oxo-RA. Our findings show that anteriorly Zic1 regulates several transcription factors, Crx, Fezf2, Nkx3-1, and Xanf1 as well as a serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase, Pkdcc.2. These factors are all expressed in the vicinity of the PPR and as such are candidate regulators of placode formation downstream of Zic1. In addition to their differential regulation by RA, we find that 4-oxo-RA is also capable of modulating the expression of these genes, as well as a broad array of RA-regulated genes.
CONCLUSION: Our data highlight the complexity of retinoid-mediated regulation required for Zic1-activated anterior structure specification in Xenopus, and the potential physiological role of 4-oxo-RA in cranial placode development.
Achkar,
4-Oxoretinol, a new natural ligand and transactivator of the retinoic acid receptors.
1996, Pubmed,
Xenbase
Achkar,
4-Oxoretinol, a new natural ligand and transactivator of the retinoic acid receptors.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Andoniadou,
HESX1- and TCF3-mediated repression of Wnt/β-catenin targets is required for normal development of the anterior forebrain.
2011,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Arima,
Global analysis of RAR-responsive genes in the Xenopus neurula using cDNA microarrays.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Blumberg,
Novel retinoic acid receptor ligands in Xenopus embryos.
1996,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Bolger,
Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data.
2014,
Pubmed
Bordoli,
A secreted tyrosine kinase acts in the extracellular environment.
2014,
Pubmed
Chen,
Fezl regulates the differentiation and axon targeting of layer 5 subcortical projection neurons in cerebral cortex.
2005,
Pubmed
Crick,
Diffusion in embryogenesis.
1970,
Pubmed
Cunningham,
From gastrulation to neurulation: transition in retinoic acid sensitivity identifies distinct stages of neural patterning in the rat.
1994,
Pubmed
Dattani,
Mutations in the homeobox gene HESX1/Hesx1 associated with septo-optic dysplasia in human and mouse.
1998,
Pubmed
Demartis,
Cloning and developmental expression of LFB3/HNF1 beta transcription factor in Xenopus laevis.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dobin,
STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-seq aligner.
2013,
Pubmed
Dubey,
Retinoic acid production, regulation and containment through Zic1, Pitx2c and Cyp26c1 control cranial placode specification.
2021,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Dubey,
Generating retinoic acid gradients by local degradation during craniofacial development: One cell's cue is another cell's poison.
2018,
Pubmed
Ermakova,
The homeobox gene, Xanf-1, can control both neural differentiation and patterning in the presumptive anterior neurectoderm of the Xenopus laevis embryo.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Grandel,
Retinoic acid signalling in the zebrafish embryo is necessary during pre-segmentation stages to pattern the anterior-posterior axis of the CNS and to induce a pectoral fin bud.
2002,
Pubmed
Harland,
In situ hybridization: an improved whole-mount method for Xenopus embryos.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Herbrand,
Transcription factors Nkx3.1 and Nkx3.2 (Bapx1) play an overlapping role in sclerotomal development of the mouse.
2002,
Pubmed
Hong,
The activity of Pax3 and Zic1 regulates three distinct cell fates at the neural plate border.
2007,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Huang,
Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID bioinformatics resources.
2009,
Pubmed
Huang,
Bioinformatics enrichment tools: paths toward the comprehensive functional analysis of large gene lists.
2009,
Pubmed
Idres,
Activation of retinoic acid receptor-dependent transcription by all-trans-retinoic acid metabolites and isomers.
2002,
Pubmed
Imuta,
Short limbs, cleft palate, and delayed formation of flat proliferative chondrocytes in mice with targeted disruption of a putative protein kinase gene, Pkdcc (AW548124).
2009,
Pubmed
Jaurena,
Zic1 controls placode progenitor formation non-cell autonomously by regulating retinoic acid production and transport.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Jeong,
Developmental expression of Pitx2c in Xenopus trigeminal and profundal placodes.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Jin,
Pitx1 regulates cement gland development in Xenopus laevis through activation of transcriptional targets and inhibition of BMP signaling.
2018,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Kao,
The entire mesodermal mantle behaves as Spemann's organizer in dorsoanterior enhanced Xenopus laevis embryos.
1988,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Katsuyama,
Retinoic acid affects patterning along the anterior-posterior axis of the ascidian embryo.
1998,
Pubmed
Kitson,
The effect of disulfiram on the aldehyde dehydrogenases of sheep liver.
1975,
Pubmed
Liao,
featureCounts: an efficient general purpose program for assigning sequence reads to genomic features.
2014,
Pubmed
Love,
Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2.
2014,
Pubmed
Martinez-Barbera,
The homeobox gene Hesx1 is required in the anterior neural ectoderm for normal forebrain formation.
2000,
Pubmed
Molotkova,
Requirement of mesodermal retinoic acid generated by Raldh2 for posterior neural transformation.
2005,
Pubmed
Niederreither,
Genetic evidence that oxidative derivatives of retinoic acid are not involved in retinoid signaling during mouse development.
2002,
Pubmed
Pijnappel,
The retinoid ligand 4-oxo-retinoic acid is a highly active modulator of positional specification.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ramírez,
deepTools2: a next generation web server for deep-sequencing data analysis.
2016,
Pubmed
Saint-Jeannet,
Establishing the pre-placodal region and breaking it into placodes with distinct identities.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Saint-Jeannet,
Whole-Mount In Situ Hybridization of Xenopus Embryos.
2017,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Sato,
Neural crest determination by co-activation of Pax3 and Zic1 genes in Xenopus ectoderm.
2005,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Schlosser,
Making senses development of vertebrate cranial placodes.
2010,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Schneider,
Targeted disruption of the Nkx3.1 gene in mice results in morphogenetic defects of minor salivary glands: parallels to glandular duct morphogenesis in prostate.
2000,
Pubmed
Shen,
Zebrafish cone-rod (crx) homeobox gene promotes retinogenesis.
2004,
Pubmed
Shimizu,
Formation and patterning of the forebrain and olfactory system by zinc-finger genes Fezf1 and Fezf2.
2009,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Shimozono,
Visualization of an endogenous retinoic acid gradient across embryonic development.
2013,
Pubmed
Slack,
An interaction between dorsal and ventral regions of the marginal zone in early amphibian embryos.
1980,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Stanfel,
Regulation of organ development by the NKX-homeodomain factors: an NKX code.
2005,
Pubmed
Taimi,
A novel human cytochrome P450, CYP26C1, involved in metabolism of 9-cis and all-trans isomers of retinoic acid.
2004,
Pubmed
Tanaka,
Expression of the Nkx3.1 homobox gene during pre and postnatal development.
1999,
Pubmed
Topletz,
Induction of CYP26A1 by metabolites of retinoic acid: evidence that CYP26A1 is an important enzyme in the elimination of active retinoids.
2015,
Pubmed
Veverka,
Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase by disulfiram and its metabolite methyl diethylthiocarbamoyl-sulfoxide.
1997,
Pubmed
Vignali,
Xotx5b, a new member of the Otx gene family, may be involved in anterior and eye development in Xenopus laevis.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Vitorino,
Xenopus Pkdcc1 and Pkdcc2 Are Two New Tyrosine Kinases Involved in the Regulation of JNK Dependent Wnt/PCP Signaling Pathway.
2015,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Webb,
Septo-optic dysplasia.
2010,
Pubmed
Whitaker,
Conserved transcriptional activators of the Xenopus rhodopsin gene.
2004,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
White,
cDNA cloning of human retinoic acid-metabolizing enzyme (hP450RAI) identifies a novel family of cytochromes P450.
1997,
Pubmed
White,
Identification of the human cytochrome P450, P450RAI-2, which is predominantly expressed in the adult cerebellum and is responsible for all-trans-retinoic acid metabolism.
2000,
Pubmed
Zhang,
Fezf2 promotes neuronal differentiation through localised activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling during forebrain development.
2014,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Zhong,
CYP26C1 Is a Hydroxylase of Multiple Active Retinoids and Interacts with Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Proteins.
2018,
Pubmed
