Click here to close
Hello! We notice that you are using Internet Explorer, which is not supported by Xenbase and may cause the site to display incorrectly.
We suggest using a current version of Chrome,
FireFox, or Safari.
EMBO J
2006 Feb 08;253:575-84. doi: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600964.
Show Gene links
Show Anatomy links
Cell-cycle-dependent Xenopus TRF1 recruitment to telomere chromatin regulated by Polo-like kinase.
Nishiyama A
,
Muraki K
,
Saito M
,
Ohsumi K
,
Kishimoto T
,
Ishikawa F
.
???displayArticle.abstract???
Telomeres are regulated by a homeostatic mechanism that includes telomerase and telomeric repeat binding proteins, TRF1 and TRF2. Recently, it has been hypothesized that telomeres assume distinct configurations in a cell-cycle-dependent manner, although direct biochemical evidence is lacking. Here we demonstrated that Xenopus TRF1 (xTRF1) associates with telomere chromatin specifically in mitotic Xenopus egg extracts, and dissociates from it upon mitotic exit. Both the N-terminal TRF-homology (TRFH) domain and the linker region connecting the TRFH domain and the C-terminal Myb domain are required for this cell-cycle-dependent association of xTRF1 with chromatin. In contrast, Xenopus TRF2 (xTRF2) associates with chromatin throughout the cell cycle. We showed that Polo-like kinase (Plx1) phosphorylates xTRF1 in vitro. Moreover, the mitotic xTRF1-chromatin association was significantly impaired when Plx1 was immunodepleted from the extracts. Finally, high telomerase activities were detected in association with replicating interphase chromatin compared with mitotic chromatin. These results indicate that telomere chromatin is actively regulated by cell-cycle-dependent processes, and provide an insight for understanding how telomeres undergo DNA metabolisms during the cell cycle.
Bianchi,
TRF1 is a dimer and bends telomeric DNA.
1997, Pubmed
Bianchi,
TRF1 is a dimer and bends telomeric DNA.
1997,
Pubmed
Bianchi,
TRF1 binds a bipartite telomeric site with extreme spatial flexibility.
1999,
Pubmed
Bilaud,
Telomeric localization of TRF2, a novel human telobox protein.
1997,
Pubmed
Blow,
Preventing re-replication of DNA in a single cell cycle: evidence for a replication licensing factor.
1993,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Broccoli,
Human telomeres contain two distinct Myb-related proteins, TRF1 and TRF2.
1997,
Pubmed
Cech,
Beginning to understand the end of the chromosome.
2004,
Pubmed
Chan,
Telomeres and telomerase.
2004,
Pubmed
Chang,
TRF1 is degraded by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis after release from telomeres.
2003,
Pubmed
Chong,
A human telomeric protein.
1995,
Pubmed
Duncan,
Cloning and characterization of Plx2 and Plx3, two additional Polo-like kinases from Xenopus laevis.
2001,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Glotzer,
Cyclin is degraded by the ubiquitin pathway.
1991,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Griffith,
Mammalian telomeres end in a large duplex loop.
1999,
Pubmed
Harley,
Telomere loss: mitotic clock or genetic time bomb?
1991,
Pubmed
Hirano,
Condensins, chromosome condensation protein complexes containing XCAP-C, XCAP-E and a Xenopus homolog of the Drosophila Barren protein.
1997,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Iwabuchi,
Residual Cdc2 activity remaining at meiosis I exit is essential for meiotic M-M transition in Xenopus oocyte extracts.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Losada,
Cohesin release is required for sister chromatid resolution, but not for condensin-mediated compaction, at the onset of mitosis.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
MacCallum,
ISWI remodeling complexes in Xenopus egg extracts: identification as major chromosomal components that are regulated by INCENP-aurora B.
2002,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Mantell,
Telomerase activity in germline and embryonic cells of Xenopus.
1994,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Marcand,
Cell cycle restriction of telomere elongation.
2000,
Pubmed
Marcand,
A protein-counting mechanism for telomere length regulation in yeast.
1997,
Pubmed
Mattern,
Dynamics of protein binding to telomeres in living cells: implications for telomere structure and function.
2004,
Pubmed
Nakamura,
Alterations of DNA and chromatin structures at telomeres and genetic instability in mouse cells defective in DNA polymerase alpha.
2005,
Pubmed
Nishiyama,
A nonproteolytic function of the proteasome is required for the dissociation of Cdc2 and cyclin B at the end of M phase.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Ohki,
In vitro reconstitution of the end replication problem.
2001,
Pubmed
Ohki,
Telomere-bound TRF1 and TRF2 stall the replication fork at telomeric repeats.
2004,
Pubmed
Price,
Synthesis of the telomeric C-strand. A review.
1997,
Pubmed
Sandaltzopoulos,
A solid-phase approach for the analysis of reconstituted chromatin.
1999,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Smith,
Tankyrase promotes telomere elongation in human cells.
2000,
Pubmed
Spink,
Sequence-specific binding of Taz1p dimers to fission yeast telomeric DNA.
2000,
Pubmed
Sumara,
Characterization of vertebrate cohesin complexes and their regulation in prophase.
2000,
Pubmed
,
Xenbase
Tatematsu,
A novel quantitative 'stretch PCR assay', that detects a dramatic increase in telomerase activity during the progression of myeloid leukemias.
1996,
Pubmed
Teixeira,
Telomere length homeostasis is achieved via a switch between telomerase- extendible and -nonextendible states.
2004,
Pubmed
Warrens,
Splicing by overlap extension by PCR using asymmetric amplification: an improved technique for the generation of hybrid proteins of immunological interest.
1997,
Pubmed
Wellinger,
Saccharomyces telomeres acquire single-strand TG1-3 tails late in S phase.
1993,
Pubmed
Ye,
TIN2 is a tankyrase 1 PARP modulator in the TRF1 telomere length control complex.
2004,
Pubmed
de Lange,
T-loops and the origin of telomeres.
2004,
Pubmed
de Lange,
Shelterin: the protein complex that shapes and safeguards human telomeres.
2005,
Pubmed
van Steensel,
Control of telomere length by the human telomeric protein TRF1.
1997,
Pubmed
van Steensel,
TRF2 protects human telomeres from end-to-end fusions.
1998,
Pubmed
