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Figure 3. nodal1 and gdf3 Cooperate in the
Regulation of Cilia Length
(A) nodal1 and gdf3 expression in the area of
Notch1 morphant GRPs at stage 13/14 by wholemount
in situ hybridization. Red arrowheads indicate
reduction of nodal1 and gdf3 expression.
A white triangle indicates the central area of the
GRP. ‘‘n’’ indicates number of analyzed embryos.
a, anterior; p, posterior; L, left; R, right.
(B) Shortened and rescued cilia at the GRP.
Xnr1MO (10 ng), DerMO (10 ng), and/or conMO
(20 ng) were injected. The scale bar represents
20 mm. a, anterior; p, posterior.
(C) Average length of cilia from (B).
(D and E) Leftward flow after single and double
knockdown of nodal1 and gdf3. Velocity (D) is
shown in mm/s, and directionality (E) is shown in
rho. Rhodamine-B dextran was used as a lineage
tracer.
Statistical analyses were carried out using Excel
using SEM and Student’s t test to calculate
p values (*p % 0.05, **p % 0.005, ***p % 0.0005,
****p % 0.00005; n.s., not significant). |
