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Figure 2. Smad10 Is Required for Formation of the Nervous System(A) Control MO (C MO, 5 ng/cell), Smad10 MO (S10 MO, 5 ng/cell), or DNS10 mRNA (4 ng/cell) were injected into the animal pole of both blastomeres of two-cell embryos. At stage 35, embryos were processed for histology and hematoxylin and eosin staining. NC, notochord; NT, neural tube; PE, pharyngeal endoderm. (B) Two-cell embryos were injected with 5 ng of morpholino or 4 ng of mRNA into the animal pole of each blastomere and then analyzed by whole-mount in situ hybridization for expression of the general neural marker NRP-1 (Knecht et al., 1995) and the mesodermal marker muscle actin (MA; Mohun et al., 1984).(C) Animal caps from embryos injected with control MO, Smad10 MO, and Smad10 MO with Smad10 mRNA (1 ng/cell, rescue) were analyzed by RT-PCR. U, uninjected; −, no RT. The phenotypes were highly penetrant (>80%) in multiple experiments (n > 5). |
